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The presented article concerns the research on the emission of pollutants of a rail-road tractor in two stationary research tests. The purpose of the tests was to carry out control tests of pollutant emissions and their analysis. The object used during the works was approved in accordance with the Stage V standard, which requires measurements of emissivity both in stationary, dynamic and real conditions. Despite the requirement to test engines installed on a vehicle during their normal duty cycle with PEMS, the emission limits measured in this test have not yet been defined. Therefore, the work below focuses on the stationary test cycle. The measurements were carried out in accordance with the internal combustion engine operating points described in the approval test, and then compared with the modernized NRSC test. It contains modified measuring points and rotational speeds of the crankshaft, adopted on the basis of the most common operating parameters of agricultural tractor combustion engines in real operating conditions. The measurements were performed with the use of a mobile dynamometer and devices for measuring emissions of harmful exhaust gas compounds and recording on-board data. In the performed test, the vehicle drive system worked at fixed operating points, with defined values of crankshaft rotational speed and load. Based on the recorded data on the concentrations of pollutants in the exhaust gases, the unit emission of the tested object was determined. In the final stage of the work, these data were used to perform a comparative analysis with the emission limits contained in the standard.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
30--34
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 20 poz., 1 il. kolor., fot., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology
autor
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Rail Vehicle Institute "TABOR", Poland
autor
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Rail Vehicle Institute "TABOR", Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2010/26/EU of 31 March 2010 amending Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery.
- [2] COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2012/46/EU of 6 December 2012 amending Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery.
- [3] Delphi Technologies. Worldwide emissions standards. On and off-highway commercial vehicles, 2018/2019.
- [4] DIRECTIVE 2004/ 26/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 April 2004 amending Directive 97/68/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery.
- [5] European Environment Agency. European Union Emission Inventory Report 1990-2016; Publications Office of the European Union: Luxembourg, 2018., European Environment Agency. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transport in Europe; European Environment Agency: Copenhagen 2019.
- [6] LIJEWSKI, P. Studium emisji związków toksycznych spalin z silników o zastosowaniach pozadrogowych. Rozprawa habilitacyjna. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Poznańskiej. Poznań 2013.
- [7] LIJEWSKI, P., MERKISZ, J., FUĆ, P. et al. Air pollution by the exhaust emissions from construction machinery under actual operating conditions. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2013, 390, 313-319. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.390.313
- [8] KAMIŃSKA, M., RYMANIAK, Ł., DASZKIEWICZ, P. et al. Test guidelines for evaluation real driving emission two-way vehicles. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2019, 294, 02009-1-02009-8. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/ 201929402009
- [9] KHAN, T., FREY, H.C. Comparison of real-world and certification emission rates for light duty gasoline vehicles. Science of the Total Environment. 2018, 622, 790-800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.286
- [10] Manufacturer's technical data - agricultural tractors produced in 2018-2020.
- [11] O’DRISCOLL, R., STETTLER, M.E.J., MOLDEN, N. et al. Real world CO2 and NOx emissions from 149 Euro 5 and 6 diesel, gasoline and hybrid passenger cars. Science of the Total Environment. 2018, 621, 282-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.271
- [12] Our World in Data Website. Available online https://ourworldindata.org (accessed on 05.2021).
- [13] PATHAK, S.K., SOOD, V., SINGH, Y. et al. Real world vehicle emissions: Their correlation with driving parameters. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2016, 44, 157-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.02.001
- [14] RYMANIAK, Ł., DASZKIEWICZ, P., MERKISZ, J. et al. Method of determining the locomotive engine specific fuel consumption based on its operating conditions. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2019, 2078(1), 020053-1-020053-8. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5092056
- [15] RYMANIAK, Ł., LIJEWSKI, P., KAMIŃSKA, M. et al. The role of real power output from farm tractor engines in determining their environmental performance in actual operating conditions. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2020, 173, 105405-1-105405-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2020.105405
- [16] SCHROEDER, F., BREUER, B., PREISS, H., WEIDHAAS, G. Motorcycle noise and exhaust emissions-statutory testing methods versus real traffic situations. presented at the small engine technology. SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-3255. 1999. https://doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-3255
- [17] SIEDLECKI, M., SZYMLET, N., LIJEWSKI, P. et al. Emissions from NRMM vehicles in real operating conditions in relation to the number of vehicles in use in the Poznan city agglomeration. SAE Technical Paper 2020. 2020-01-2218. https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2218
- [18] THOMAS, D., LI, H., WANG, X. et al. A comparison of tailpipe gaseous emissions for RDE and WLTC using SI passenger cars. SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-2391. https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-2391
- [19] TSAI, J.-H., CHIANG, H.-L., HSU, Y.-C. et al. Development of a local real world driving cycle for motorcycles for emission factor measurements. Atmospheric Environment. 2005, 39, 6631-6641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.040
- [20] World Health Organization Website. Available online: http://www.who.com (accessed on 05.2021).
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-1ff6abcc-c279-49d3-acd1-9b9fe885966a