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Emulation of mechanical loads in electric drives - an overview of methods

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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The aim of the presented paper is to introduce the reader to hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation in electric drives, the motivation for its usage and its benefits. Basic information about HIL simulation in general and the connection to electric drives is followed by an explanation of the main principle of the dynamic emulation of mechanical loads for electric drives, which is a special case of HIL simulation. Next, the description of the three main methods of load emulation and their mathematical background are presented in the order of historical appearance: the emulation with compensator and tracking controller, the emulation based on non-linear control and the emulation with feed-forward compensation with the use of inverse dynamics.
Słowa kluczowe
Wydawca
Rocznik
Strony
53--64
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 30 poz., rys.
Twórcy
  • Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic, Department of Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics
  • Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic, Department of Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics
autor
  • SPINEA Ltd., 080 01 Haniska, Prešov, Slovakia
autor
  • SPINEA Ltd., 080 01 Haniska, Prešov, Slovakia
Bibliografia
  • Akpolat, Z. H., Asher, G. M. and Arellano-Padilla, J. (2004). A Test Bed for the Experimental Validation of Position Control Algorithms. Control Engineering Practice, 12(8), 2004, pp. 933-943.
  • Akpolat, Z. H., Asher, G. M. and Clare, J. C. (1999a). Dynamic Emulation of Mechanical Loads Using A Vector-Controlled Induction Motor-Generator Set. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 46(2), pp. 370-379, doi: 10.1109/41.753776
  • Akpolat, Z. H., Asher, G. M. and Clare, J. C. (1999b). Experimental Dynamometer Emulation of Nonlinear Mechanical Loads. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 35(6), pp. 1367-1373.
  • Arellano-Padilla, J., Asher, G. M. and Sumner, M. (2006). Control of an AC Dynamometer for Dynamic Emulation of Mechanical Loads with Stiff and Flexible Shafts. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 53(4), pp. 1250-1260.
  • Bergmann, A. (2014). Benefits and Drawbacks of Model Based Design. KMUTNB: IJAST, 7(3), pp. 15-19.
  • Bouscayrol, A. (2008). Different types of hardware-in the-loop simulation for electric drives. In: 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Cambridge, 2008, pp. 2146-2151, doi: 10.1109/ISIE.2008.4677304.
  • Collins, E. R. and Huang, Y. (1994). A Programable Dynamometer for Testing Rotating Machinery Using A Three-Phase Induction Machine. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 9, pp. 521-527.
  • Damian, I. E., Iacchetti, M. and Apsley, J. (2019). Emulation of prime movers in wind turbine and diesel generator systems for laboratory use. In: 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE 2019 ECCE Europe, pp. P.1–P.10, 2019. Available at: https://ieeexplore. ieee.org/abstract/document/8914799.
  • de Oliveira, C. M. R., de Aguiar, M. L., de Castro, A. G., Guazzelli, P. R. U., de Andrade Pereira, W. C. and de Almeida Monteiro, J. R. B. (2020). High Accuracy Dynamic Load Emulation Method for Electrical Drives. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 67(9), pp. 7239-7249, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2019.2942566.
  • 1dSPACE is registered trademark of dSPACE GmbH, Rathenaustrasse 26, 33102 Paderborn, Germany.
  • Fetyko, J., Ďurovský, F., Reiner, J. and Fedák, V. (2007). Load share control of roughing mill vertical rolls at hot strip rolling mill. In: Proceedings of 16th Conference on Electrical Drives and Power Electronics, EDPE 2007. pp. 1-7. ISBN 978 8080 738686.
  • Gan, C., Todd, R. M. and Apsley, J. (2015). Drive System Dynamics Compensator for a Mechanical System Emulator. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62(1), pp. 70–78, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2014.2327581.
  • Kyslan, K., Kušnír, E., Fedák, V., Lacko, M. and Ďurovský, F. (2014). Dynamic emulation of mechanical loads with backlash based on rapid control prototyping. In: 16th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference and Exposition, 2014, pp. 1209-1215, doi: 10.1109/ EPEPEMC.2014.6980676.
  • MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc., 1 Apple Hill Drive Natick, MA 01760-2098.
  • Newton, R. W., Betz, R. E. and Penfold, H. B. (1995). Emulating dynamic load characteristics using a dynamic dynamometer. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, PEDS1995, Vol. 1, Singapore, 21–24 February 1995, pp. 465-470.
  • RT-LAB is product of OPAL-RT Technologies, 1751, rue Richardson Bureau #1060 Montréal, Québec H3K 1G6, Canada.
  • Rodič, M., Jezernik, K. and Trlep, M. (2004a). A feedforward approach to the dynamic emulation of mechanical loads. In: Proceedings of the 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC’04), Aachen, Germany, 20–25 June 2004, pp. 4595-4601.
  • Rodič, M., Jezernik, K. and Trlep, M. (2004b). Use of dynamic emulation of mechanical loads in the design of adjustable speed applications. In: The 8th IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control, 2004. AMC ‘04, Kawasaki, Japan, 28–28 March 2004, pp. 677-682.
  • Rodič, M., Jezernik, K. and Trlep, M. (2005a). Control design in mechatronic systems using dynamic emulation of mechanical loads. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2005. ISIE 2005. 4, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 20-23 June 2005, pp. 1635-1640.
  • Rodič, M., Jezernik, K. and Trlep, M. (2005b). Dynamic emulation of mechanical loads - approach based on nonlinear control. In: 2005 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (2005), Dresden, Germany, 11-14 September 2005, p. 10.
  • Rodič, M., Jezernik, K. and Trlep, M. (2007). Use of dynamic emulation of mechanical loads in the testing of electrical vehicle driveline control algorithms. In: 2007 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, 2007, Aalborg, Denmark, 2–5 September 2007, pp. 1-10, doi: 10.1109/EPE.2007.4417707.
  • Rodič, M., Jezernik, K. and Trlep, M. (2010). Dynamic emulation of mechanical loads - position control approach. In: Proceedings of 14th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference EPE-PEMC 2010, Ohrid, Macedonia, 6-8 September 2010, pp. S10-23-S10-30, doi: 10.1109/EPEPEMC.2010.5606527.
  • Rojas, J. J. G., Prada, D. A. Z. and Lopez-Santos, W. A. L. M. O. (2019). Real-time small-scale wind turbine emulator for a hybrid microgrid laboratory testbed. In: 2019 IEEE Workshop on Power Electronics and Power Quality Applications, PEPQA 2019 - Proceedings, 2019, Manizales, Colombia, 30-31 May 2019. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ document/8851573.
  • Sandholdt, P., Ritchie, E., Pedersen, J. K. and Betz, R. E. (1996). A dynamometer performing dynamical emulation of loads with non-linear friction. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (lSIE’96), Warsaw, Poland, 17 June 1996, Part 2, pp. 873-878.
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  • Šlapák, V., Ivan, J., Kyslan, K., Bil›anský, J., Hric, M. and Ďurovský, F. (2021). Load emulation for testing of electrical actuators in industrial applications. In: 2021 IEEE International Workshop of Electronics, Control, Measurement, Signals and their Application to Mechatronics (ECMSM), Liberec, Czech Republic, 21–22 June 2021, pp. 1–5, doi: 10.1109/ECMSM51310.2021.9468865.
  • Suchý, Ľ., Kyslan, K., Ferková, Ž. and Ďurovský F. (2016). Dynamic emulation of mechanical loads - Analysis and implementation into industrial drive. In: 2016 ELEKTRO, Štrbské Pleso, Slovakia, 16-18 May 2016, pp. 238-242, doi: 10.1109/ ELEKTRO.2016.7512072.
  • Wasko, C. R. (1987). A Universal AC Dynamometer for Testing Motor Drive Systems. Conference Record of the 1987 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, 18 - 23 October 1987, pp. 409-412.
  • Wiliamson, A. C. (1989). An improved engine-testing dynamometer. In: Fourth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives, IEE Conference Publication 310, London, UK, 13-15 September 1989, pp. 374-378.
  • Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Zhang, J. and Ma, R. (2017). Study on requirements for load emulation of the vehicle with an electric braking system. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 66(11), pp. 9638-9653. Available at: https://ieeexplore. ieee.org/document/8010354.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-1f545b15-35a4-440f-9d5f-c61861cf5ef7
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