Research on the Hourly Water Consumption Structure in Rural and Suburban Household

• Autorzy: Młyńska Anna , Bergel Tomasz

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12911/22998993/151926

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Currently, the character of many households located in rural areas is closer to that of suburban households. The change in the characters of households located in rural areas results in changes in the size and irregularity of water demand, which should translate into a new approach at the stage of water supply systems designing. Therefore, in order to supplement the state of knowledge in this study area, this paper presents the results of the research on the structure of hourly water consumption in two households located in rural areas; the first household had a suburban character, whereas the second one was a typical rural household. The results showed differences in the amount and the distribution of hourly water consumption in the analyzed households. Except on weekends, the average hourly water consumption in rural household (RH) was higher than in suburban household (SH). In contrast, in the rural household, the distribution of hourly water consumption on all days of the week was very similar and the peak water consumption was clearly marking in the morning and in the evening. In the case of the suburban household, a tendency of increased water consumption in the evening was observed, but without clearly noticeable peak water consumption. Moreover, the structure of hourly water consumption in suburban household on Saturday and Sunday was different than on weekdays. The analyzed households were characterized by the highest share of hourly water consumption up to 20.0 dm³·h^-1. In the rural household, both the amount and the distribution of hourly water consumption were determined by water use for additional purposes. In the case of the suburban household, it was shaped by the living needs of the inhabitants.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

hourly water consumption; rural household; suburban household

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Journal of Ecological Engineering
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Vol. 23, nr 9
• Strony: 219--230
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 20 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Młyńska Anna

• Department of Water Supply, Sewerage and Environmental Monitoring, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4790-9783

autor

Bergel Tomasz

• Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Cracow, ul. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Cracow, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0475-112X

Bibliografia

• 1. Basu M., Hoshino S., Hashimoto S., DasGupta R. 2017. Determinants of water consumption: A cross-sectional household study in drought-prone rural India. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 24, 373–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.06.026
• 2. Bergel T. 2017. Practical implication of tap water consumption structure in rural households. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 18(1), 231–237. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/67102
• 3. Bergel T., Kaczor G., Bugajski P. 2016a. Analysis of the structure of water consumption in rural households in terms of design guidelines water and sewage systems. Infrastructure and Ecology of Rural Areas, 4(4), 1899–1910. http://dx.medra.org/10.14597/infraeco.2016.4.4.143
• 4. Bergel T., Kotowski T., Woyciechowska O. 2016b. Daily water consumption for household purposes and its variability in a rural household. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 17(3), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/63312
• 5. Bergel T., Szeląg B., Woyciechowska O. 2017. Influence of a season on hourly and daily variations in water demand patterns in a rural water supply line – case study. Journal of Water and Land Development, 34(7–9), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0038
• 6. Bugajski P., Kaczor G. 2005. Structure of expenditure of cold and hot water in one-family apartment. Infrastructure and Ecology of Rural Areas, 2, 17–26. (in Polish)
• 7. Chmielowski K., Satora S., Wałęga A. 2009. Variability of the unitary average daily water consumption by Mszanian man. Infrastructure and Ecology of Rural Areas, 5, 61–71. (in Polish)
• 8. Dimkić D. 2020. Temperature impact on drinking water consumption. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 2(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2020002031
• 9. Fan L., Liu G., Wang F., Geissen V., Ritsema C.J. 2013. Factors affecting domestic water consumption in rural households upon access to improved water supply: insights from the Wei River Basin, China. PLoS One, 8(8), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071977
• 10. Gorączko M., Pasela R. 2015. Causes and effects of the water consumption drop by the population of cities in Poland – selected aspects. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 27, 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1515/bog-2015-0005
• 11. Haque M.M., Egodawatta P., Rahman A., Goonetilleke A. 2015. Assessing the significance of climate and community factors on urban water demand. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 4(2), 222–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2015.11.001
• 12. Hotloś H. 2013. Analysis of influence of meteorological factors on water demand variations in municipal water supply system. Ochrona Środowiska, 35(2), 57–62. (in Polish)
• 13. Keshavarzi A.R., Sharifzadeh M., Kamgar Haghighi A.A., Amin S., Keshtkar Sh., Bamdad A. 2006. Rural domestic water consumption behavior: A case study in Ramjerd area, Fars province, I.R. Iran. Water Research, 40(6), 1173–1178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.01.021
• 14. Ogiołda E., Nowogoński I. 2018. The irregularity of water consumption in settlements with varying numbers of inhabitants. E3S Web of Conferences 45, INFRAEKO 2018. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500059
• 15. Omarova A., Tussupova K., Hjorth P., Kalishev M., Dosmagambetova R. 2019. Water supply challenges in rural areas: A case study from central Kazakhstan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050688
• 16. Pasela R., Gorączko M. 2013. Analysis of selected factors characterizing water consumption in multifamily buildings. Annual Set The Environment Protection, 15, 1658–1672. (in Polish)
• 17. Pawełek J. 2016. Degree of development and functionality of the water supply and sewage systems in rural Poland. Barometr Regionalny, 14(1), 141–149.
• 18. Pawełek J., Bergel T., Woyciechowska O. 2015. Variation in water consumption in rural households during the multi-year period. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Formatio Circumiectus, 14(4), 85–94. (in Polish) http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/ASP.FC/2015.14.4.85
• 19. Pawełek J., Kaczor G. 2006. Unit water consumption per household during 8-year period of observations. Infrastructure and Ecology of Rural Areas, 2(1), 159–170. (in Polish)
• 20. Regulation of the Minister of the Infrastructure of 14 January 2002 on determination the average standards for water consumption. (in Polish)