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Bioerosional ichnotaxa and the fossilization barrier

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EN
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For the establishment of a new ichnogenus or ichnospecies, the type material shall be fossil, not unfossilized material. This is not always possible, because the transition between the two states, the fossilization barrier, is extremely vague defined. In most fossil material, this is not a problem. However, in the case of bioerosion structures (borings, rasping traces, attachment scars in hard substrates), the problem is serious. For example, when does a sponge boring in an oyster shell be come fossilized? The question arises when Recent and sub-Recent materials are considered. Two examples are discussed. (1) Microborings are described and named in foraminifera dredged from the sea floor. In this material, it is not possible to distinguish between “fossilized” and “unfossilized” foraminifera. Bioturbation and other processes may have mixed recently dead, Pleistocene and older foraminifera in the sea-floor sediments. (2) Small, characteristic borings are made by slipper limpets in pagurized gastropod shells. The structures would constitute a new ichnospecies of Oichnus, but these borings have not been found in “fossilized material” and the borings therefore remain nameless. Because bioerosion structures constitute “ready-made fossils”, it is suggested that the onset of fossilization be equated with the death of the bioeroding tracemaker.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
453--455
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 15 poz., rys.
Twórcy
  • Rønnevej 97 3720 Aakirkeby, Denmark
  • Lyshøjalle 15 2500 Valby Copenhagen, Denmark
Bibliografia
  • 1. Bates, R. L. & Jackson, J. A., 1984. Dictionary of Geological Terms. American Geological Institute, Anchor Press, New York, 571 pp.
  • 2. Bertling, M., Braddy, S. J., Bromley, R. G., Demathieu, G. R., Genise, J., Mikuláš, R., Nielten, J. K., Nielten, K. S. S., Rindsberg, A. K., Schlirf, M. & Uchman, A., 2006. Names for trace fossils: a uniform approach. Lethaia, 39: 265-286.
  • 3. Bromley, R. G., 1990. Trace Fossils - Biology and Taphonomy. Unwin Hyman, London, 280 pp.
  • 4. Bromley, R. G. & Fürsich, F. T., 1980. Comments on the proposed amendments to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature regarding ichnotaxa. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 37: 6-10.
  • 5. McIntosh, E. & Friedrichsen, G. W. S., 1971. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1558 pp.
  • 6. Nelson, A. & Nelson, K. D., 1967. Concise Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Applied Geology, Mining and Civil Engineering. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 421 pp.
  • 7. Nielsen, K. S. S., 1998. Micro-scale test penetration of the modern foraminifera, a global phenomtnon? International Symposium of Foraminifera, Forams ’98, Proceedings of the Meeting and Abstracts with Program. Sociedad Mexicana de Paleontologia, Special Publication, pp. 72-73.
  • 8. Nielsen, K. S. S., 1999. Foraminiferivory revisited: a preliminary investigation of holes in foraminifera. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 45: 139-142.
  • 9. Nielsen, K. S. S., Collen, J. D. & Ferland, M. A., 2002. Floresina: a genus of predators, parasites or scavengers? Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 32: 93-95.
  • 10. Nielsen, K. S. S. & Nielsen, J. K., 2001. Bioerosion in Pliocene to late Holocene tests of benthic and planktonic foraminiferans, with a revision of the ichnogenera Oichnus and Tremichnus. Ichnos, 8: 99-116.
  • 11. Nielsen, K. S. S., Nielsen, J. K. & Bromley, R. G., 2003. Palaeoecological and ichnological significance of microborings in Quaternary foraminifera. Palaeontologia Electronica, 6(2), 13 pp.
  • 12. Seilacher, A., 1953. Studien zur Palichnologie. I. Über die Methoden der Palichnologie. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 96: 421-452.
  • 13. Stoll, N. R., Dollfuss, R. P., Forest, J., Riley, N. D., Sabrosky, C. W., Wright, C. W. & Melville, R. V. (eds), 1964. International Code of Zoo logical Nomencla ture adopted by the XV International Congress of Zoology 1961, 2nd ed. (2nd altered edition). International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 176 pp.
  • 14. Ride, W. D. L., Cogger, H. G., Dupuis, C., Kraus, O., Minelli, A., Thompson, F. C & Tubbs, P. K. (eds), 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences, 4th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 232 pp.
  • 15. Tweney, C. F. & Hughes, L. E. C., 1968. Chambers’s Technical Dic tio nary. Chambers, Edinburgh, 1028 pp.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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