Assessing the criticality of minerals used in emerging technologies in China

• Autorzy: Yu Yun

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/gsm.2020.132559

Warianty tytułu

PL

Ocena krytycznych surowców mineralnych wykorzystywanych w nowo powstających technologiach w Chinach

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Emerging technologies represent the direction of the new industrial revolution of promoting sustainable economic and social development, and strategic emerging industries have developed rapidly in China. The development of these emerging technology industries requires more mineral resources as raw materials, especially the need for specific minerals, has increased. The unsatisfied growing demand for minerals used in emerging technologies or an unexpected supply disruption in major producing countries could have an impact on economic development. There are only several studies on the supply of mineral resources from the perspective of mineral resources needed by the development of China’s emerging industries. To assess the criticality of the minerals needed by the strategic emerging industries in China, this paper adopts three indicators: import concentration, the volatility of prices and the application requirements by the Chinese 13th five-year plan dedicated to strategic emerging industries in 2016. Furthermore, 34 types of nonfuel minerals and mineral raw materials are separated into three categories. Finally, this paper indicates that the three indexes are all high for 8 minerals with supply risks, application in emerging technologies, and substantial market fluctuations which need the support of special policies. Two indexes of three Level-II indicators are high for 14 minerals which need different policy combination measures, and one index is high for 12 minerals which also needs attention, all of which were analyzed.

PL

Nowo powstające technologie stanowią kierunek nowej rewolucji przemysłowej promującej zrównoważony rozwój gospodarczy i społeczny, a strategiczne wschodzące branże przemysłu szybko rozwinęły się w Chinach. Rozwój tych nowo powstających branż technologicznych wymaga wykorzystania znacznej ilości zasobów surowców mineralnych, a zwłaszcza ściśle określonych surowców mineralnych. Niezaspokojony rosnący popyt na surowce mineralne (pierwiastki, minerały, surowce mineralne metaliczne) wykorzystywane w nowo powstających technologiach lub nieoczekiwane zakłócenie dostaw z produkujących je krajów może mieć wpływ na rozwój gospodarczy. Występują nieliczne badania dotyczące podaży zasobów surowców mineralnych z punktu widzenia zasobów surowców mineralnych potrzebnych do rozwoju wschodzących branż przemysłu w Chinach. Aby ocenić krytyczność surowców mineralnych potrzebnych strategicznym wschodzącym branżom przemysłu w Chinach, w artykule przyjęto trzy wskaźniki: koncentrację importu, zmienność cen i wymogi dotyczące zastosowania zawarte w trzynastym chińskim planie pięcioletnim poświęconym strategicznym wschodzącym przemysłom w 2016 roku. Ponadto 34 rodzaje surowców mineralnych (pierwiastki, metale, surowce mineralne niepaliwowe) podzielono na trzy kategorie. Ostatecznie, w artykule pokazano, że wszystkie trzy indeksy są wysokie dla 8 surowców mineralnych z ryzykiem ich dostaw, zastosowaniem w nowych technologiach i znacznymi wahaniami rynku, które wymagają specjalnej polityki wsparcia. Dwa wskaźniki z trzech wskaźników poziomu II są wysokie dla 14 surowców mineralnych, które wymagają kombinacji różnej polityki wsparcia, a jeden wskaźnik jest wysoki dla 12 surowców mineralnych, które również wymagają uwagi spośród wszystkich, które zostały przeanalizowane.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

critical minerals; China; strategic emerging industries

PL

surowce krytyczne; surowce mineralne; Chiny; branża wschodząca strategiczna

• Wydawca: Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN ; Komitet Zrównoważonej Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi PAN
• Czasopismo: Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: T. 36, z. 2
• Strony: 5--20
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 47 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Yu Yun

• China Geological Survey Development and Research Center; China; ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9030-0503

Bibliografia

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Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).