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The paper presents possible applications of pressure-driven membrane processes for treatment of swimming pool water and purification of waste streams – washings. Newly identified swimming pool water quality issues are presented that require a modernization of existing technologies. The studies used polymer membranes with the same particle distribution range (50000 Da), but made of different membrane-forming materials: polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and polyether sulfone (PES) for purification of washings. The ultrafiltration process allowed obtaining a high turbidity reduction rate in washings (over 95%), and also a significant reduction of total organic carbon. The effectiveness of the PES membrane was reduced after the process commencement, whereas the separation capacity of the PVDF membrane increased during the studied filtration process. While setting the operational process parameters consideration should be given also to the resistance of used membranes to chlorine present in the swimming pool water. A prolonged exposure of the polyether sulfone membrane to chloride may have caused its gradual damage and degradation of its separation properties.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
38--44
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 34 poz., tab., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
autor
- Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
autor
- Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Bibliografia
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- 2. Acero J.L., Benitez F.J., Real F.J., Teva F. 2016. Micropollutants removal from retentates generated in ultrafiltration and nanofiltration treatments of municipal secondary effluents by means of coagulation, oxidation, and adsorption processes, Chemical Engineering Journal, 289, 48–58.
- 3. Alansari A., Selbes M., Karanfil T., Amburgey J. 2016. Removal of disinfection by-product precursors using hybrid coagulation-ceramic membrane systems, Journal American Water Works Association, 108 (10), E513-E522.
- 4. Altmann J., Massa L., Sperlich A., Gnirss R., Jekel M. 2016. UV254 absorbance as real-time monitoring and control parameter for micropollutant removal in advanced wastewater treatment with powdered activated carbon, Water Research, 94, 240–245.
- 5. Barbot E., Moulin P. 2008. Swimming pool water treatment by ultrafiltration–adsorption process, Journal of Membrane Science, 314, 50–57.
- 6. Briancesco R., Meloni P., Semproni M., Bonadonn L. 2014. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria, amoebae and bacterial indicators in swimming pool and spa, Microchemical Journal, 113, 48–52.
- 7. Bodzek M. 2013. Przegląd możliwości wykorzystania technik membranowych w usuwaniu mikroorganizmów i zanieczyszczeń organicznych ze środowiska wodnego [An overview of the possibilities of using membrane techniques in the removal of microorganisms and organic pollutants from the aquatic environment], Inżynieria I Ochrona Środowiska, 16(1), 5–37.
- 8. Boucherit A., Moulay S., Ghernaout D., Al-Ghonamy A.I., Ghernaout B, Naceur M.W., Messaoudene N.A., Aichouni M., Mahjoubi A.A., Elboughdiri N.A. 2015. New Trends in Disinfection By-Products Formation upon Water Treatment, Journal of Research & Developments in Chemistry, 2015, 1–27.
- 9. Bunani S., Yörükoğlu E., Sert G., Yüksel Ü., Yüksel M., Kabay N. 2013. Application of nanofiltration for reuse of municipal wastewater and quality analysis of product water, Desalination, 315, 33–36.
- 10. Carter R.A.A., Joll C.A. 2017. Occurrence and formation of disinfection by-products in the swimming pool environment: A critical review, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 58, 19–50.
- 11. Chief Sanitary Inspectorate. 2014. Wytyczne w sprawie wymagań jakości wody oraz warunków sanitarno-higienicznych na pływalniach [Guidelines on water quality and sanitary conditions at swimming pools] www.gis.gov.pl.
- 12. Chowdhury S., Alhooshani K., Karanfil T. 2014. Disinfection by-products in swimming pool: Occurrences, implications and future needs, Water Research, 53, 68–109.
- 13. Cyril C., Simard S., Charest-Tardif G., Rodriguez M., Tardif R. 2012. Occurrence and Spatial and Temporal Variations of Disinfection By-Products in the Water and Air of Two Indoor Swimming Pools, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(8), 2562–2586.
- 14. Fan L., Nguyen T., Roddick F. A, Harris J.L. 2008. Low-pressure membrane filtration of secondary effluent in water reuse: Pre-treatment for fouling reduction, Journal of Membrane Science, 320, 135–142.
- 15. Farré M.J., Day S., Neale P. A., Stalter D., Tang J. Y.M., Escher B.I. 2013. Bioanalytical and chemical assessment of the disinfection by-product formation potential: Role of organic matter, Water Research, 47, 5409–5421.
- 16. Glauner T., Waldmann P., Frimmel F.H., Zwiener C. 2005. Swimming pool water–fractionation and genotoxicological characterization of organic constituents, Water Research, 39(18), 4494–4502.
- 17. Hang Ch., Zhang B., Gong T., Xian Q. 2016. Occurrence and health risk assessment of halogenated disinfection by-products in indoor swimming pool water, Science of the Total Environment, 543, 425–431.
- 18. Kanan A., Karanfil T. 2010. Formation of disinfection by-products in indoor swimming pool water: The contribution from filling water natural organic matter and swimmer body fluids, Water Research, 45(12), 926–932.
- 19. Kim S-H., Moon S-Y., Yoon Ch-H., Yim S-K., Cho J-W. 2005. Role of coagulation in membrane filtration of wastewater for reuse, Desalination, 173, 301–307.
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- 21. Nowacka A., Włodarczyk-Makuła M., Bartłomiej Macherzyńskia B. 2014. Comparison of effectiveness of coagulation with aluminum sulfate and pre-hydrolyzed aluminium coagulants, Desalination and Water Treatment, 52, 19–21, 3843–3851.
- 22. Panyakapo, M., Soontornchai, S., Paopuree, P. 2008. Cancer risk assessment from exposure to trihalomethanes in tap water and swimming pool water. Journal of Environmental Science, 20(3), 372–378.
- 23. Potter B. Wimsatt J. 2009. Determination of total organic carbon and specific UV absorbance at 254 nm in source water and drinking water. EPA Document, Method 415.3.
- 24. Regulation of the Minister of Health from November 2015 on the requirements that water in swimming pools should meet (Dz. U. 2015 poz. 2016).
- 25. Reissmann F.G., Schulze E., Albrecht V. 2005. Application of a combined UF/RO system for the reuse of filter backwash water from treated swimming pool water, Desalination, 178, 41–49.
- 26. Richardson S.D., De Marini D.M., Kogevinas M. 2010. What’s in the pool? A comprehensive identification of disinfection by-products and assessment of mutagenicity of chlorinated and brominated swimming pool water. Environmental Health Perspectives, 118, 1523–1530.
- 27. Rodriguez-Narvaez O.M., Peralta-Hernandez J.M., Goonetilleke A., Bandala E.R. 2017. Treatment technologies for emerging contaminants in water: A review, Chemical Engineering Journal, 323, 361–380.
- 28. Santos J.M., Miranda M.S., Esteves da Silva J.C.G. 2012. The degradation products of UV filters in aqueous and chlorinated aqueous solutions, Water Research, 46, 3167–3176.
- 29. Spiliotopoulou A., Hansen K.M.S., Andersen H.R. 2015. Secondary formation of disinfection by-products by UV treatment of swimming pool water, Science of the Total Environment, 520(1), 96–105.
- 30. Teo T.L.L., Coleman H.M., Khan S.J. 2015. Chemical contaminants in swimming pools: Occurrence, implications and control, Environment International, 76, 16–31.
- 31. Wallace & Tiernan GmbH. 2006. UF system reduces swimming pool costs, Membrane Technology, July, 5–6.
- 32. Yang L., She Q., Wan M.P., Wang R., Chang V.W.- C., Tang Ch.Y. 2017. Removal of haloacetic acids from swimming pool water by reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, Water Research, 116, 116–125.
- 33. Zhang Y., Chu W., Yao D., Yin D. 2017. Control of aliphatic halogenated DBP precursors with multiple drinking water treatment processes: Formation potential and integrated toxicity, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 58, 322–330.
- 34. Zwiener C., Richradson S.D., De Martin D.M., Grumut T., Glauner T., Frimmel F.H. 2007. Drowning in Disinfection Byproducts? Assessing Swimming Pool Water. Critical Review, Environmental Science & Technology, 41(2) 363–372.
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-1e33f3f5-51df-4a8e-94af-e720effbf1ea