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Abstrakty
Existing methods to estimate design flows of sewage in pressure mains have been compared. It was found that the number of simultaneously running identical cavity displacement (grinder) pumps (m out of n), connected to a pressure main is better described by the binomial (for n &le 30) and normal distributions (for n > 30) than by the Poisson probability distribution. A new probabilistic approach to estimate the design flow which takes into account distinguishable (not identical) sources of sewage, disposing to a pressure main, is presented. All possible states of pumps, equal to the number of variations with repetitions, are considered. The method is elaborated for small systems equipped with cavity displacement pumps which have relatively steep characteristic curves. A new formula for the peaking factor, combining averaging over time and over ensemble (number of dwellings) is also presented. The new formula can be applied for individual homes, dwellings in apartment blocks and villages, serving by cavity displacement and/or centrifugal pumps.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
157--170
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 21 poz., tab., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering, ul. Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań
autor
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitary Engineering, ul. Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań
Bibliografia
- [1] BOWNE W.C., NARET R.C., OTIS R.J, Alternative Sewage Collection Systems, Manual, US EPA, Washington, 1991.
- [2] Washington State Dept. of Ecology. Criteria for Sewage Works Design, http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/9837/c1.pdf, 2006
- [3] CLARK J.W., VIESSMAN W., Water Supply and Pollution Control, Int. Textbook Co., Scranton, Pa., 1965.
- [4] THRASHER D., Design and Use of Pressure Sewer Systems, Lewis Publ. Inc., Chelsea, 1987.
- [5] LITTLE C.J., Water SA, 2004, 30 (5), 137.
- [6] ATV, Worksheet A 116. Special drainage systems. Vacuum-pressure drainage, GFA, Henef, 1992 (in German).
- [7] BUCHBERGER S.G.,WU L.,J. Hydraul. Eng., 1995, 121 (3), 232.
- [8] ZHANG X., BUCHBERGER S.G., VAN ZYL J.E., A theoretical explanation for peaking factors, Proc. ASCE EWRI Conf., Anchorage, Alaska, May 15–19, 2005.
- [9] JONES E.E., Domestic water use in individual homes and hydraulic loading of and discharge from septic tanks, Proc. of the National Home Sewage Disposal Symposium. ASAE, St. Joseph, Mi., 89–103, 1975.
- [10] BLAZEJEWSKI R., Peak domestic water use in individual homes, apartment blocks and villages, Proc. of the 20th National and 8th Int. Conf. Water Supply and Water Quality, PZITS, Gniezno, 2008.
- [11] ATV-DVWK, Worksheet A 198. Harmonization and derivation of design values for sewage works, GFA, St. Augustin, 2003 (in German).
- [12] HUNTER R.B., Methods of Estimating Loads in Plumbing Systems. Building Materials and Structures, Report BMS65, Washington D.C., 1940.
- [13] BIEDUGNIS S., Environ. Prot. Eng., 1981, 7 (1), 65.
- [14] SZABO T., Korrespondenz Abwasser, 1989, 8, 869.
- [15] SOEDERLUND P., JOENSSON L., NILSSON P., Design and performance of pressure sewerage systems, Dept. of Water Res. Eng., Lund University Report No. 7180, Lund, 1994.
- [16] DOHSE C.,ECKSTAEDT H., Water Sci. Technol., 2003, 47 (7–8), 351.
- [17] BLAZEJEWSKI R., Rural Sanitation, PZITS, Poznań, 2003 (in Polish).
- [18] EPA Low pressure sewer systems. Design module WWBLDM07. NSFC, West Virginia University, 1992.
- [19] SIONKOWSKI T., ŚLIZOWSKI R., Environ. Prot. Eng., 2008, 34 (3), 21.
- [20] WONG L.T.,MUI K.W.,Build. Environ., 2007, 42 (5), 2024.
- [21] STARK R.M., NICHOLLS R.L., Mathematical Foundations for Design: Civil Engineering Systems, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1972.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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