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The main parameters describing the interaction between a tire and the road are forces transmitted by a tire. This paper presents experimental and theoretical research of mechanism of force transmission between a tire and slush-covered pavement. The experimental research was conducted in the internal drum test facility at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany. The theoretical research presents a mathematical model of the system “"sub-block–slush layer–drum” focusing on slush behavior. The model evaluates mass change velocity of slush layer, mass, and physical–mechanical properties of sub-block. Slush was analyzed as a multi-layer bulk. The obtained velocities of slush layers and friction forces from the model allowed us to determine the generated heat per time unit at each layer. It was found that the top layer of slush has the highest velocity and heat flow values compared to other layers.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
13--21
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 19 poz.
Twórcy
autor
- Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Transport Engineering, Saulėtekio av. 11, Vilnius, 10223, Lithuania
autor
- Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Transport Engineering, Saulėtekio av. 11, Vilnius, 10223, Lithuania
autor
- Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Transport Engineering, Saulėtekio av. 11, Vilnius, 10223, Lithuania
autor
- Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Transport Engineering, Saulėtekio av. 11, Vilnius, 10223, Lithuania
autor
- Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Saulėtekio av. 11, Vilnius, 10223, Lithuania
autor
- Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Saulėtekio av. 11, Vilnius, 10223, Lithuania
autor
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Vehicle System Technology Rintheimer Querallee 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Bibliografia
- 1. Usman, T. & Fu, L. & Moreno-Miranda, F.L. Quantifying safety benefit of winter road maintenance activities at an operational level. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2010. Vol. 42.
- P. 2. Usman, T. & Fu, L. & Moreno-Miranda, F.L. A dissagregate model for quantifying the safety effects of winter road maintenance activities at an operational level. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2012. Vol. 48. P. 368-378.
- 3. Hayat, B.R. & Debbarh, M. & Antoniou, C. & Yannis, G. & et al. Explaining the road accident risk: weather effects. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2013. Vol. 60. P. 456-465.
- 4. Seeherman, J. & Liu, Y. Effects of extraordinary snowfall on traffic safety. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2015. Vol. 81. P. 194-203.
- 5. Sapragonas, J. & Keršys, A. & Makaras, R. & et al. Research of the influence of tire hydroplaning on directional stability of vehicle. Transport. 2014. Vol. 28. No. 8. P. 374-380.
- 6. Ripka, S. Experimental investigation and modeling of tire tread block friction on ice. PhD thesis. Leibniz Universitat Hannover. 2012. 111 p.
- 7. Ignatyev, A.P. & Ripka, S. & Mueller, N. & et al. Tire ABS-braking prediction with lab tests and friction simulations. Tire Science and Technology. 2015. Vol. 43. No. 4. P. 260-275.
- 8. Ripka, S. & Lind, H. & Wangenheim, M. & et al. Investigation of friction mechanisms of siped tire tread blocks on snowy and icy surfaces. Tire Science and Technology. 2012. Vol. 10. No. 1. P. 1-24.
- 9. Giessler, M. & Gauterin, F. & Wiese, K. & et al. Influence of friction heat on tire traction on andand snow. Tire Science and Technology. 2010. Vol. 38. No. 1. P. 4-23.
- 10. Lee, H.J. & Huang, D. & Johnson, H.T. & et al. Slip-based experimental studies of a vehicle interacting with natural snowy terrain. Journal of Terramechanics. 2012. Vol. 49. P. 233-244.
- 11. Bhoopalam, K.A. & Sandu, C. & Taheri, S. Experimental investigation of pneumatic tire performance on ice: Part 1 – Indoor study. Journal of Terramechanics. 2015. Vol. 60. P. 43-54.
- 12. Bhoopalam, K.A. & Sandu, C. & Taheri, S. Experimental investigation of pneumatic tire performance on ice: Part 2 – Outdoor study. Journal of Terramechanics. 2015. Vol. 60. P. 55-62.
- 13. Skouvaklis, G. & Blackford, R.J. & Koutsos, V. Friction of rubber on ice: A new machine, influence of rubber properties and sliding parameters. Tribology International. 2012. Vol. 49. P. 44-52.
- 14. Ella, S. & Formagne, Y.P. & Koutsos, V. & et al. Investigation of rubber friction on snow for tyres. Tribology International. 2013. Vol. 59. P. 292-301.
- 15. Klapproth, C. & Kessel, M. T. & Wiese, K. & et al. And advanced viscous model for rubber-ice friction. Tribology International. 2016. Vol. 99. P. 169-181.
- 16. Lee, H.J. & Huang, D. Vehicle wet snow interaction: testing, modeling and validation. Journal of Terramechanics. 2016. Vol. 67. P. 233-244.
- 17. Fiertz, C. & Armstrong, R.L. & Durand, Y. & Etchevers, P. & Greene, E. & McClung, D.M. & Nishimura, K. & Sayawali, P.K. & Sokratov, S.A. The International Classification for Seasonal Snow on the Ground. Technical Documents in Hydrology No. 83. IACS Contribution No. 1. UNESCO: Paris. 2009. 80 p.
- 18. Cruz, F. & Emam, S. & Prochnow, M. & et al. Rheophysics of dense granular materials: Discrete simulation of plane shear flows. Physical Review E. 2005. Vol. 72. P. 1-24.
- 19. Moldenhauer, P. Modellierung un Simulation der Dynamik und des Kontakts von Reifenpofilblöcken. PhD thesis. Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg. 2010. 152 p. [In Germany: Modelhaurer, P. Modeling and simulation of the dynamics and the contact of tire tread blocks. PhD thesis. Freiberg Technical University]. 1878-1887.
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-1da9d29b-724f-4d2c-a2fb-c224e3ee51ba