PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
Tytuł artykułu

The characterization study of inhibited silica/silicate scale using vinyl sulfonated copolymer (VS-Co)

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Purpose: Silica/silicate scale is a significant problem, especially in oilfield production during Alkaline Surfactant Polymer (ASP) flooding, where chemical inhibitors are the preferred method to prevent them. In this study, the effect of inhibitor vinyl sulfonated copolymer (VS-Co) on silica/silicate scale formation was analysed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Design/methodology/approach: The functional group type of VS-Co are sulfonate ions, SO3-, and these interact in the scaling process. Bulk-inhibited scaling brine tests were conducted at 60°C and pH 8.5. During these tests, the silicon brine (with VS-Co) representing the inhibited ASP leachate was mixed with a magnesium brine representing the connate water to replicate reservoir conditions during ASP flooding. The samples tested in this study were non-inhibited Si/Mg mixed brine of 60 ppm Mg2+ and 940 ppm Si4+ (60Mg:940Si) as a blank, and inhibited 60Mg:940Si mixture with various VS-Co concentrations of 20 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm. The inhibition efficiency of the VS-Co was determined, followed by the characterisation study of the silica/silicate scale deposited from both test conditions. Findings: The IR spectra of all 60Mg:940Si samples show a similar peak at 1050 cm-1 to 1080 cm-1, attributed to a Si-O covalent bond and a band at 790 cm-1 to 800 cm-1 showing the presence of Si-O-Si stretching. XRD patterns produced a broad scattering peak for all samples at 2θ of 24° showing that the samples are amorphous silica. For tests of high Mg2+ in the brine mix, 900Mg:940Si, a mix of crystalline silica and crystalline magnesium silicate was produced. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the scale formed even with 100 ppm of VS-Co present. Further studies are required to address how to mitigate scale formation effectively in the future. Research limitations/implications: Based on the research conducted, we can conclude that the VS-Co alone could not significantly inhibit the formation of silica/silicate scale even at the highest concentration (100 ppm) of VS-Co. However, having VS-Co present caused an alteration in IR spectra frequency which requires further investigation to assess how best to develop the inhibiting properties of the VS-Co product. The application of nanoparticles and their successful stories spark the interest of authors in searching for an efficient method of managing the silica/silicate scale where the modification of potential scale inhibitor (SI) with nanoparticles may be able to improve the inhibition efficiency towards the silicate/silicate scale. Practical implications: The presence of VS-Co in the scaling brine only slightly inhibits the Mg2+ ion (initially comes from connate water) from reacting. It is worth further investigation on how this VS-Co can make it happen. Hence, the functional groups responsible for this may be altered by adding other functional groups to provide a synergistic effect in preventing this silica/silicate scale; or by modifying the VS-Co with nanoparticles to improve their adsorption/desorption capacity. Originality/value: The newly developed technique in analysing the inhibition mechanism of a chemical inhibitor using various spectroscopic analysis is promising where an alteration in the spectra may provide proof of the chemical’s inhibition efficiency.
Rocznik
Strony
57--70
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 52 poz., rys., wykr.
Twórcy
  • School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
autor
  • Flow Assurance and Scale Team, Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, UK EH14 4AS, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
  • School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society (EGIS), Heriot-Watt University, UK EH14 4AS, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
autor
  • Flow Assurance and Scale Team, Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, UK EH14 4AS, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
  • School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society (EGIS), Heriot-Watt University, UK EH14 4AS, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
autor
  • School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
  • Centre of Research in Enhanced Oil Recovery (COREOR), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
  • Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
autor
  • School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
  • School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
  • School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
Bibliografia
  • [1] V.N. Kashpura, V.V. Potapov, Study of the Amorphous Silica Scales Formation At The Mutnovskoe Hydrothermal Field (Russia), Proceedings of the 25 th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, California, USA, 2000.
  • [2] H. Guo, Y. Li, F. Wang, Z. Yu, Z. Chen, Y. Wang, X. Gao, ASP Flooding: Theory and Practice Progress in China, Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017) 8509563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8509563
  • [3] Z. Amjad, R.W. Zuhl, An Evaluation of Silica Scale Control Additives, Proceedings of the NACE Corrosion Conference and Expo, New Orleans, USA, 2008.
  • [4] A.E. Basbar, K.A. Elraies, R.E. Osgouei, Formation Silicate Scale Inhibition during Alkaline Flooding: Static Model, Proceedings of the North Africa Technical Conference and Exhibition, Cairo, Egypt, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2118/164669-MS
  • [5] H. Lu, J. Brooks, R. Legan, S. Fritz, Novel Laboratory Test Method and Field Applications for Silica/Silicate and Other Problematic Scale Control, Proceedings of the SPE International Oilfield Scale Conference and Exhibition, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2118/190705-MS
  • [6] W. Wang, W. Wei, Silica and Silicate Scale Formation and Control: Scale Modeling, Lab Testing, Scale Characterization, and Field Observation, Proceedings of the SPE International Oilfield Scale Conference and Exhibition, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2118/179897-MS
  • [7] J.A. Bush, J. Vanneste, E.M. Gustafson, C.A. Waechter, D. Jassby, C.S. Turchi, T.Y. Cath, Prevention and management of silica scaling in membrane distillation using pH adjustment, Journal of Membrane Science 554 (2018) 366-377. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2018.02.059
  • [8] J. Arensdorf, D. Hoster, D. McDougall, M. Yuan, Static and Dynamic Testing of Silicate Scale Inhibitors, Proceedings of the International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition in China, Beijing, China, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2118/132212-MS
  • [9] K.S. Sorbie, N. Laing, How Scale Inhibitors Work: Mechanisms of Selected Barium Sulphate Scale Inhibitors Across a Wide Temperature Range, Proceedings of the 6 th SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Scale, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2118/87470-MS
  • [10] R.A. Sazali, K.S. Sorbie, L.S. Boak, The Effect of pH on Silicate Scaling, Proceedings of the SPE European Formation Damage Conference and Exhibition, Budapest, Hungary, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2118/174193-MS
  • [11] R.A. Sazali, The Development of A Test Methodology and New Findings in Silicate Scale Formation and Inhibition, PhD Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2018.
  • [12] G. Ji-jiang, W. Yang, Z. Gui-cai, J. Ping, S. Mingqin, Investigation of Scale Inhibition Mechanisms Based on the Effect of HEDP on Surface Charge of Calcium Carbonate, Tenside Surfactants Detergents 53/1 (2016) 29-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3139/113.110407
  • [13] J. Sonne, S. Kerr, K. Miner, Application of Silicate Scale Inhibitors for ASP Flooded Oilfields: A Novel Approach to Testing and Delivery, Proceedings of the SPE International Conference on Oilfield Scale, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2118/154332-MS
  • [14] D.B. van den Heuvel, E. Gunnlaugsson, I. Gunnarsson, T.M. Stawski, C.L. Peacock, L.G. Benning, Understanding Amorphous Silica Scaling Under Well-Constrained Conditions Inside Geothermal Pipelines, Geothermics 76 (2018) 231-241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2018.07.006
  • [15] Y. Qi, T. Tong, X. Liu, Mechanisms of Silica Scale Formation on Organic Macromolecule-Coated Surfaces, ACS ES&T Water 1/8 (2021) 1826-1836. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.1c00120
  • [16] R.A. Sazali, N.S. Ramli, K.S. Sorbie, L.S. Boak, Impacts of Temperature on the Silicate Scale Severity and Morphologies Studies, International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, and Applied Sciences and Technologies 12/9 (2021) 12A9R. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14456/ITJEMAST.2021.186
  • [17] A Fatah, The Effect of Silica Dissolution on Reservoir Properties during Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) Flooding, Journal of Petrochemical Engineering 2/1 (2022) 29-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36959/901/251
  • [18] A.A. Umar, I.M. Saaid, Effects of Temperature on Silicate Scale Inhibition During ASP Flooding, Journal of Applied Sciences 14/15 (2014) 1769-1774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2014.1769.1774
  • [19] I. Rashid, N.H. Daraghmeh, M.M. Al Omari, B.Z. Chowdhry, S.A. Leharne, H.A. Hodali, A.A. Badwan, Chapter 7 - Magnesium Silicate, in: H.G. Brittain (ed), Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology, vol. 36, Academic Press, Cambridge, MA, 2011, 241-285. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387667-6.00007-5
  • [20] J. Arensdorf, S. Kerr, K. Miner, T. Ellis-Toddington, Mitigating Silicate Scale in Production Wells in an Oilfield in Alberta, Proceedings of the SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2118/141422-MS
  • [21] U.Z. Husna, K.A. Elraies, J.A.B.M. Shuhili, A.A. Elryes, A review: the utilization potency of biopolimer as an eco-friendly scale inhibitors, Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 12 (2022) 1075-1094. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01370-4
  • [22] D.L. Gallup, Brine pH modification scale control technology. 2. A review, GRC Transactions 35 (2011) 609-614.
  • [23] D.L. Gallup, pH Modification Scale Control Technology, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Mineral Scaling 2011, Manila, Philippines, 2011, 39-46.
  • [24] L. Spitzmüller, V. Goldberg, S. Held, J.C. Grimmer, D. Winter, M. Genovese, J. Koschikowski, T. Kohl, Selective silica removal in geothermal fluids: Implications for applications for geothermal power plant operation and mineral extraction, Geothermics 95 (2021) 102141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102141
  • [25] A.D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, Composite materials consisting of carbon nanostructures and nanoforms of selected metals, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 84/1 (2017) 5-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3027
  • [26] K. Szmajnta, M. Szindler, Synthesis and properties of TiO 2 , NiO and ZnO nanoparticles and their possible biomedical application, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 98/2 (2019) 81-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4612
  • [27] K. Szmajnta, M.M. Szindler, M. Szindler, Synthesis and magnetic properties of Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles for hyperthermia application, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 109/2 (2021) 80-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2627
  • [28] O.H. Sabr, N.H. Al-Mutairi, A.Y. Layla, Characteristic of low-density polyethylene reinforcement with nano/micro particles of carbon black: a comparative study, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 110/2 (2021) 49-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.4312
  • [29] A. Kioka, M. Nakagawa, Theoretical and experimental perspectives in utilizing nanobubbles as inhibitors of corrosion and scale in geothermal power plant, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 149 (2021) 111373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111373
  • [30] Lu, H., Liu, Y., Watson, B. (2021) Silicate Scale Inhibitor Evaluation and Applications, Proceedings of the CORROSION 2021, Virtual, 2021.
  • [31] J. Brooks, H. Lu, M. Barber, Kinetic Turbidity Test Method for Scale Inhibitor Evaluation on Multifunctional Scales, Proceedings of the CORROSION 2021, Virtual, 2021.
  • [32] M.A. Singleton, J.A. Collins, N. Poynton, H.J. Formston, Developments in PhosphonoMethylated PolyAmine (PMPA) Scale Inhibitor Chemistry for Severe BaSO 4 Scaling Conditions, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Oilfield Scale, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2118/60216-MS
  • [33] P.H. Gamache, Charged aerosol detection for liquid chromatography and related separation techniques, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119390725
  • [34] Z. Amjad, Maleic acid-based copolymers as silica scale control agents for aqueous systems. International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition 5/1 (2016) 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17675/2305-6894-2016-5-1-1
  • [35] Z. Amjad, Silica scale control by non-ionic polymers: The influence of water system impurities, International Journal of Corrosion and Scale Inhibition 5/2 (2016) 100-111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17675/2305-6894-2016-5-2-1
  • [36] A. Ünal, Y. Tuğçe Yüksel, Mitigation of Silicate-Stibnite Deposits in Reinjection Wells of Geothermal Power Plants, Biological and Chemical Research 8 (2021) 109-122.
  • [37] C. Li, C. Zhang, W. Zhang, The inhibition effect mechanisms of four scale inhibitors on the formation and crystal growth of CaCO 3 in solution, Scientific Reports 9 (2019) 13366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50012-7
  • [38] Z. Amjad, R.W. Zuhl, Silica Control in Industrial Water Systems with a New Polymeric Dispersant, Proceedings of the Association of Water Technologies, Inc. Annual Convention and Exposition, Hollywood, Florida, USA, 2009.
  • [39] N.P. Chilcott, D.A. Phillips, M.G. Sanders, I.R. Collins, A. Gyani, The Development and Application of an Accurate Assay Technique for Sulphonated Polyacrylate Co-Polymer Oilfield Scale Inhibitors, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Oilfield Scale, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2118/60194-MS
  • [40] Benitha, V.S., Monisha, K., Jeyasubramaniyan, K. (2016) Formulation and evaluation of TiO2.Fe2O3 nanopaint, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 77/1 (2016) 40-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/18972764.1225546
  • [41] S.S. Shaw, Investigation into the Mechanisms of Formation and Prevention of Barium Sulphate Oilfield Scale, PhD Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2012.
  • [42] S.T. Liu, G.H. Nancollas, The crystallization of magnesium hydroxide, Desalination 12/1 (1973) 75-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(00)80176-9
  • [43] C. Chieng, G.H. Nancollas, The crystallization of magnesium hydroxide, constant composition study, Desalination 42/2 (1982) 209-219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(00)88753-6
  • [44] M.A. Karakassides, D. Gournis, D. Petridis, Infrared reflectance study of thermally treated Li- and Cs-montmorillonites, Clays and Clay Minerals 45/5 (1997) 649-658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450504
  • [45] M.A. Karakassides, D. Gournis, D. Petridis, An infrared reflectance study of Si-O vibrations in thermally treated alkali-saturated montmorillonites, Clay Minerals 34/3 (1999) 429-438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1180/000985599546334
  • [46] C. Jäger, J. Dorschner, H. Mutschke, Th. Posch, Th. Henning, Steps toward interstellar silicate mineralogy VII. Spectral properties and crystallization behaviour of magnesium silicates produced by the sol-gel method, Astronomy and Astrophysics 408/1 (2003) 193-204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20030916
  • [47] Q. Wang, F. Liang, W. Al-Nasser, F. Al-Dawood, T. Al-Shafai, H. Al-Badairy, S. Shen, H. Al-Ajwad, Laboratory study on efficiency of three calcium carbonate scale inhibitors in the presence of EOR chemicals, Petroleum 4/4 (2018) 375-384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petlm.2018.03.003
  • [48] W. Matysiak, T. Tański, W. Smok, Electrospinning of PAN and composite PAN-GO nanofibers, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 91/1 (2018) 18-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.9653
  • [49] J. Thanikachalam, P. Nagaraj, S. Karthikeyan, Preparation and characterization of nano magnetic fluid for automotive applications, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 96/2 (2019) 49-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2384
  • [50] W. Matysiak, K. Adamczyk, The analysis of surface morphology, band gaps and optical properties of PAN/GO thin films, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 101/2 (2020) 49-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1190
  • [51] K. Szmajnta, M.M. Szindler, Influence of UV radiation on TiO 2 nanoparticles antibacterial behaviour, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 101/1 (2020) 25-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.9503
  • [52] Y. Cheng, X. Guo, X. Zhao, Y. Wu, Z. Cao, Y. Cai, Y. Xu, Nanosilica modified with polyaspartic acid as an industrial circulating water scale inhibitor, npj Clean Water 4 (2021) 46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-021-00137-y
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-1bd96894-c19c-41a7-996b-ab4704fc37ae
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.