Early and Middle Holocene paleoclimates in the South Western Desert of Egypt - the world before unification

• Autorzy: Schild R. , Wendorf F
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In the field seasons of 1990 to 2008 the Combined Prehistoric Expedition conducted an extensive archaeological, archaeozoological, archaeobotanical and geomorphological field work at more than a hundred sites in the Nabta, Kiseiba, El Kortain, Gebal El Beid, Gebel Ramlah and Berget El Sheb Areas, South Western Desert of Egypt. The research has helped to develop a long chronological sequence of Late Glacial and Holocene climatic changes in the region. The climatic sequence has been supported by more than 300 14C and OSL assays that permitted to place most of the climatic events in a firm chronological frame.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

South Western Desert; Egypt; Late Glacial; Holocene; prehistoric cultural entities; climatic changes

• Wydawca: Institute of Geological Science Polish Academy of Science
• Czasopismo: Studia Quaternaria
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: Vol. 30, Nr 2
• Strony: 125--133
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 29 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Schild R.

• Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Solidarności 105, 00-140 Warsaw
• [e-mail]

autor

Wendorf F

• Professor Emeritus at the Institute of Earth and Man, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0336

Bibliografia

• 1. Barakat, H. N. 2001. Anthracological studies in the Neolithic sites of Nabta Playa, South Egypt. In: WendorfF., Schild R. and Associates, Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara. Volume I. The Archaeology of Nabta Playa, pp. 592-600. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
• 2. Bocheński Z., Tomek T. 2001. Holocene bird remains from Nabta. In: Wendorf F., Schild R. and Associates, Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara. Volume I. The Archaeology of Nabta Playa, pp. 636-647. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
• 3. Close E. A., Wendorf F. 2001. Site E-77-7 revisited: the Early Neolithic of El Adam type at El Gebal El Beid Playa. In: Wendorf F., Schild R. and Associates, Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara. Volume I, pp. 57-70. The Archaeology of Nabta Playa, pp. 592-600. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York
• 4. Gautier A. 2001. The Early to Late Neolithic archeofaunas from Nabta and Bir Kiseiba. In: Wendorf F., Schild R. and Associates, Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara. Volume I. The Archaeology of Nabta Playa, pp. 609-635. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
• 5. Haynes C. V., Jr., Eyles C. H., Pavlish L. A., Ritchie J. C., Rybak M. 1989. Holocene palaeoecology of the eastern Sahara: Selima Oasis. Quaternary Science Review 8: 109-136.
• 6. Hester J. J., Hobler P. M. 1969. Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the Libyan Desert. University of Utah Anthropological Papers No. 92, Nubia Series 4. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
• 7. Jórdeczka M., Królik H.,Masojć M., Schild R. 2012. Early Neolithic settlements of El Adam type from Nabta Playa. Site E-06-1. Studies in African Archaeology 11: 365-407.
• 8. Kobusiewicz M. 1984. Report on Site E-79-4: The archaeology of El Ghorab Playa. In: WendorfF., Schild R. (assemblers), Close A. E. (ed.), Cattle-Keepers of the Eastern Sahara: The Neolithic of Bir Kiseiba, pp. 135-164. Department of Anthropology, Institute for the Study of Earth and Man, Southern Methodist University, New Delhi.
• 9. Kobusiewicz M. 2003. Neolithic wells of the Western Desert. Studies in African Archaeology 8: 95-104.
• 10. Królik H., Schild R. 2001. Site E-75-6. An El Nabta Al Jerar Village. In: Wendorf F., Schild R. and Associates, Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara. Volume I. The Archaeology of Nabta Playa, pp. 111-146. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
• 11. Mazher A. A., El Hinnawi M., Radwan A. M., Barakat A. A., Mohsen I. A. 2005. Prehiistoric Human Cultures in Egypt. EGSMA and NARSS, Cairo.
• 12. Schild R., Wendorf F. 1984. Lithostratigraphy of Holocene lakes along the Kiseiba Scarp. In: Wendorf F., Schild R. (assemblers), Close A.E. (ed.), Cattle-Keepers of the Eastern Sahara: The Neolithic of Bir Kiseiba, pp. 9-10. Department of Anthropology, Institute for the Study of Earth and Man, Southern Methodist University, New Delhi.
• 13. Schild R., Wendorf F. 2001a. Geoarchaeology of the Holocene climatic optimum at Nabta Playa. Geoarchaeology 16: 8-28.
• 14. Schild R., Wendorf F. 2001b. Geomorphology, Lithostratigraphy, Geochronologgy and Taphonomy of Sites. In: Wendorf F., Schild R. and Associates, Holocene Set tlement of the Egyptian Sahara. Volume I. The Archaeology of Nabta Playa, pp. 11- 50. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
• 15. Schild R., Wendorf F. 2001c. Combined Prehistoric Expedition's radiocarbon dates associated with Neolithic occupations in the Southern Western Desert of Egypt. In: Wendorf F., Schild R. and Associates, Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara. Volume I. The Archaeology of Nabta Playa, pp. 51-55. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
• 16. Schild R., Wendorf F. 2002. Palaeoecological and palaeo-climatic background to socio-economic changes in the South Western Desert of Egypt. In: Friedman R. (ed.), Egyptian and Nubian. Gifts of Desert, pp. 21-27. The British Museum Press, London.
• 17. Schild R., Wendorf F. 2010. Geomorphology, lithostratigraphic en-vironment and paleoecology of Neolithic camps and cemeteries at Gebel Ramlah Playa. In: Kobbusiewicz M., Kabaciński J., Schild R., Irish J. D., Gatto M. C., Wendorf F., Gebel Ramlah. Final Neolihic Cemeteries from the Western Desert of Egypt, pp, 159-188. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań Branch, Poznań.
• 18. Schild R., Królik H., Wendorf F., Close A. E. 1996. Architecture of Early Neolithic huts at Nabta Playa. Studies in African Archaeology 5: 101-114.
• 19. Thomas R. E., Wolff E. W., Mulvaney R., Steffensen J. P., Johnsen S. J., Arrowsmith C., White J. W. C., Vaughn B., Popp T. 2007. The 8.2 ka event from Greenland ice cores. Quaternary Science Reviews 26, 70-81.
• 20. Wasylikowa, K. with contributions by Barakat H. N., Boulos L., Butler A., Dahlberg J. A., Hather J., Mitka J. 2001a. Site E-75-6: Vegetation and subsistence of the Early Neolithic at Nabta Playa, Egypt, reconstructed from charred plant remains. In: Wendorf F., Schild R. and Associates, Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara. Volume I. The Archaeology ofNabta Playa, pp. 544-591. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
• 21. Wasylikowa, K., Barakat H. N., Lityńska-Zając M. 2001b. Nabta Playa sites E-75-8, E-91-1, E-92-7, E-94-1, E-94-2, and El Gebal El Beid Playa Site E-77-7. Seeds and fruits. In: Wendorf F., Schild R. and Associates, Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara. Volume I. The Archaeology of Nabta Playa, pp. 605-606. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
• 22. Wasylikowa K., Schild R., Wendorf F., Królik H., Kubiak-Martens L., Harlan J. R. 1995. Archeobotany of the Early Neolithic Site E-75-6 at Nabta Playa, Western Desert, South Egypt. Acta Paleobotanica 35(1): 133-155.
• 23. Wendorf F., Schild R. 1980. Prehistory of the Eastern Sahara. Academic Press, New York.
• 24. Wendorf F., Schild R. 2001. Introduction. In: Wendorf F., Schild R. and Associates, Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara. Volume I. The Archaeology of Nabta Playa, pp. 1-10. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
• 25. Wendorf F., Schild R. 2002. Implications of incipient social complexity in the Neolithic in the Egyptian Sahara. In: Friedman R.(ed.), Egypt and Nubia. Gifts of the Desert, pp. 13-20. The British Museum, London.
• 26. Wendorf F., Schild R. 2006. The emergence of village settlements during the Early Neolithic in the Western Desert of Egypt. Adamatu 14: 7-22.
• 27. Wendorf F., Karlen W., Schild R. 2007. Middle Holocene environments of north and east Africa, with special emphasis on the African Sahara. In: Anderson D. G., Maasch K. A., Sandweiss D. H. (eds). Climate Change & Cultural Dynamics. A Global Perspective on Mid-Holocene Transitions, pp. 189-264. Academic Press, Amsterdam.
• 28. Wendorf F., Schild R. (assemblers), Close A.E. (ed.). 1984. Cattle-Keepers of the Eastern Sahara: The Neolithic of Bir Kiseiba. Department of Anthropology, Institute for the Study of Earth and Man, Southern Methodist University, New Delhi.
• 29. Wendorf F., Schild R. and Associates. 2001. Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara. Volume I. The Archaeology of Nabta Playa. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.