Valorization of Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Waste for Syngas Production Through Gasification

• Autorzy: Aprianti Nabila , Faizal Muhammad , Said Muhammad , Nasir Subriyer

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12911/22998993/125461

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The rapid progress of the CPO industry in Indonesia is not in line with good waste management and utilization. Palm empty fruit bunch, as the first waste from the CPO production process in Indonesia, is mostly piled on the ground. Palm empty fruit bunch must be processed to reduce pollution and increase its use-value. This study aimed to convert oil palm empty fruit bunches solid waste through the gasification process using Indonesia’s natural zeolite into synthesis gas. Gasification takes place at 350–550°C by added 12.5% wt zeolite using a modified updraft gasifier. Good results were achieved at 550°C with a gas composition of 22.64% vol CH₄, 29.22% vol CO, and 3.4% vol H₂. The gasification efficiency is evaluated through carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) and cold gas efficiency (CGE). Both the highest CCE and CGE were found at 550°C by 95.74% and 81.65% respectively. The results showed that the gasification temperature has the greatest influence in driving higher carbon conversion to syngas and palm empty fruit bunches are very suitable for conversion into environmentally friendly syngas in the CPO industry.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

catalytic; palm mill; updraft gasifier; zeolite

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Journal of Ecological Engineering
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: Vol. 21, nr 7
• Strony: 17--26
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 44 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Aprianti Nabila

• Doctoral Program of Environmental Science, Graduate School, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Padang Selasa No. 524 Bukit Besar, Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia

autor

Faizal Muhammad

• Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Inderalaya – Prabumulih Km. 32 Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera, Indonesia

autor

Said Muhammad

• Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Inderalaya – Prabumulih Km. 32 Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera, Indonesia

autor

Nasir Subriyer

• Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Inderalaya – Prabumulih Km. 32 Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera, Indonesia

Bibliografia

• 1. Afriyanti D., Kroeze C., and Saad A. 2016. Indonesia palm oil production without deforestation and peat conversion by 2050. Science of the Total Environment, 557–558, 562–570.
• 2. Amrullah A. and Matsumura Y. 2018. Supercritical water gasification of sewage sludge in continuous reactor. Bioresource Technology, 249, 276–283.
• 3. Anyaoha K.E., Sakrabani R., Patchigolla K., and Mouazen A.M. 2018. Critical evaluation of oil palm fresh fruit bunch solid wastes as soil amendments: Prospects and challenges. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 136, 399–409.
• 4. Ates A. 2018. Effect of alkali-treatment on the characteristics of natural zeolites with different compositions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 523, 266–281.
• 5. Ates A. and Akgül G. 2016. Modification of natural zeolite with naoh for removal of manganese in drinking water. Powder Technology, 287, 285–291.
• 6. Cabuk B., Duman G., Yanik J., and Olgun H.. 2019. Effect of fuel blend composition on hydrogen yield in co-gasification of coal and non-woody biomass. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(5), 3435–3443.
• 7. Chang G., Yan X., Qi P., An M., Hu X., and Guo Q. 2018. Characteristics of reactivity and structures of palm kernel shell (PKS) biochar during CO2/H2O mixture gasification.” Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 26(10), 2153–2161.
• 8. Chew J.J., Soh M., Sunarso M.,Yong S.T., Doshi V., and Bhattacharya S. 2020. Gasification of torrefied oil palm biomass in a fixed-bed reactor: Effects of gasifying agents on product characteristics. Journal of the Energy Institute, 93(2), 711–722.
• 9. Faizal M. 2017. Utilization biomass and coal mixture to produce alternative solid fuel for reducing emission of green house gas. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 7(3), 950–956.
• 10. Guda V.K. and Toghiani H. 2016. Altering bio-oil composition by catalytic treatment of pine wood pyrolysis vapors over zeolites using an auger – packed bed integrated reactor system. Biofuel Research Journal, 3(3): 448–457.
• 11. Gurevich Messina L.I., Bonelli P.R., and Cukierman A.L. 2017. In-situ catalytic pyrolysis of peanut shells using modified natural zeolite. Fuel Processing Technology, 159, 160–167.
• 12. Hossain, M.M. 2018. Promotional effects of Ce on Ni–Ce/ΓAl2O3 for enhancement of H2 in hydrothermal gasification of biomass. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43, 6088–6095.
• 13. Khanday, Ahmad W., Kabir G., and Hameed B.H. 2016. Catalytic pyrolysis of oil palm mesocarp fibre on a zeolite derived from low-cost oil palm ash. Energy Conversion and Management, 127, 265–272.
• 14. Kodir A., Hartono D.M., Haeruman H., and Mansur I. 2017. Integrated post mining landscape for sustainable land use: A case study in South Sumatera, Indonesia. Sustainable Environment Research, 27(4), 203–213.
• 15. Kwiencinska A., Iluk T., and Kochel M. 2016. Utilization of aqueous-tar condensates formed during gasification. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 17(5), 132–137.
• 16. Li Y.H. and Chen H.H. 2018. Analysis of syngas production rate in empty fruit bunch steam gasification with varying control factors. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43(2), 667–675.
• 17. Liew R.K., Nam W.L., Chong M.Y., Phang X.Y., Su M.H., Yek P.N.Y., Ma N.L., Cheng C.K., Chong C.T., and Lam S.S. 2018. Oil palm waste: An abundant and promising feedstock for microwave pyrolysis conversion into good quality biochar with potential multi-applications. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 115, 57–69.
• 18. Mahlia T.M.I., Ismail N., Hossain N., Silitonga A.S., and Shamsuddin A.H. 2019. Palm oil and its wastes as bioenergy sources: A comprehensive review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 14849–14866.
• 19. Miandad R., Barakat M.A., Rehan M., Aburiazaiza A.S., Ismail I.M.I., and Nizami A.S. 2017. Plastic waste to liquid oil through catalytic pyrolysis using natural and synthetic zeolite catalysts. Waste Management, 69, 66–78.
• 20. Monir M.U., Aziz A.A., Kristanti R.A., and Yousuf A. 2018. Co-gasification of empty fruit bunch in a downdraft reactor: A pilot scale approach. Bioresource Technology Reports, 1, 39–49.
• 21. Naghizadeh M., Taher M.A., Behzadi M., and Moghaddam F.H. 2017. Preparation a novel magnetic natural nano zeolite for preconcentration of cadmium and its determination by ETAAS. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management, 8, 261–267.
• 22. Nikolov A., Nugteren H., and Rostovsky I. 2020. Optimization of geopolymers based on natural zeolite clinoptilolite by calcination and use of aluminate activators. Construction and Building Materials, 243, 118257.
• 23. Nizami A.S., Ouda O.K.M., Rehan M., El-Maghraby A.M.O., Gardy J., Hassanpour A., Kumar S., and Ismail I.M.I. 2016. The potential of saudi arabian natural zeolites in energy recovery technologies. Energy, 108, 162–171.
• 24. Ooi Z.X., Teoh Y.P., Kunasundari B., and Shuit S.W. 2017. Oil palm frond as a sustainable and promising biomass source in Malaysia: A review. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy.
• 25. Patra T.K. and Sheth P.N. 2015. Biomass gasification models for downdraft gasifier: A state-of-theart review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 583–593.
• 26. Pino N., Buitrago-Sierra R., and López D. 2019. Conversion of biomass-derived furanics to fuelrange hydrocarbons: Use of palm oil empty fruit bunches. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 11, 565–577.
• 27. Putrasari Y., Praptijanto A., Santoso W.B., and Lim O. 2016. Resources, policy, and research activities of biofuel in Indonesia: A review. Energy Reports, 2, 237–245.
• 28. Rozas R., Escalona N., Sepulveda C., Leiva K., Chimentao R.J., Garcia R., and Fierro J.L.G.. 2019. Catalytic gasification of pine-sawdust: Effect of primary and secondary catalysts. Journal of the Energy Institute, 92(6), 1727–1735.
• 29. Sarafraz M.M., Safaei M.R., Jafarian M., Goodarzi M., and Arjomandi M.. 2019. High Quality Syngas production with supercritical biomass gasification integrated with a water–gas shift reactor. Energies, 12(13), 2591.
• 30. Saraya M.E.I. and Thabet M.S. 2018. Characterization and evaluation of natural zeolite as a pozzolanic material. Al-Azhar Bulletin of Science, 29, 17–34.
• 31. Sazali S.N., Al-attab K.A., and Zainal Z.A. 2019. Gasification enhancement and tar reduction using air fogging system in a double walled downdraft biomass gasifier. Energy, 186, 115901.
• 32. Shahputra M.A. and Zen Z. 2018. Positive and negative impacts of oil palm expansion in indonesia and the prospect to achieve sustainable palm oil. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 122.
• 33. Shayan E, Zare V., and Mirzaee I. 2018. Hydrogen production from biomass gasification; A theoretical comparison of using different gasification agents. Energy Conversion and Management, 159, 30–41.
• 34. Sihombing J.L., Pulungan A.N., Herlinawati H., Yusuf M., Gea S., Agusnar H., Wirjosentono B., and Hutapea Y.A. 2020. Characteristic and catalytic performance of Co and Co-Mo metal impregnated in sarulla natural zeolite catalyst for hydrocracking of MEFA rubber seed oil into biogasoline fraction. Catalysts, 10(1), 121.
• 35. Sivasangar S., Zainal Z., Salmiaton A., and TaufiqYap Y. H.. 2015. Supercritical water gasification of empty fruit bunches from oil palm for hydrogen production. Fuel, 143, 563–569.
• 36. Soria-Verdugo A., Berg L.V., Serrano D., Hochenauer C., Scharler R., and Anca-Couce A. 2019. Effect of bed material density on the performance of steam gasification of biomass in bubbling fluidized beds. Fuel, 257, 116118.
• 37. Trubetskaya A., Leahy J.J., Yazhenskikh E, Müller M, Layden P., Johnson R., Ståhl K., and Monaghan R.F.D. 2019. Characterization of woodstove briquettes from torrefied biomass and coal. Energy, 853–865.
• 38. Umar M.S., Urmee T., and ennings P. 2017. A policy framework and industry roadmap model for sustainable oil palm biomass electricity generation in Malaysia. Renewable Energy, 128, 275–284.
• 39. Umeda K., Nakamura S., Lu D., and Yoshikawa K. 2019. Biomass gasification employing low-temperature carbonization pretreatment for tar reduction. Biomass and Bioenergy, 126, 142–149.
• 40. Yoo H., Park S., Seo Y., and Kim K. 2019. Applicability assessment of empty fruit bunches from palm oil mills for use as bio-solid refuse fuels. Journal of Environmental Management, 234, 1–7.
• 41. You S., Tong H., Armin-Hoiland J, Tong Y.W., and Wang C.H. 2017. Techno-economic and greenhouse gas savings assessment of decentralized biomass gasification for electrifying the rural areas of Indonesia. Applied Energy, 208, 495–510.
• 42. Zhang Lu., Wu W., Zhang Y., and Zhou X. 2018. Clean Synthesis gas production from solid waste via catalytic gasification and reforming technology. Catalysis Today, 318, 39–45.
• 43. Zhang W., Huang S., Wu S., Wu Y., and Gao J. 2019. Study on the structure characteristics and gasification activity of residual carbon in biomass ashes obtained from different gasification technologies. Fuel, 254, 115699.
• 44. Zhou L., Yang Z., Tang A., Huang H., Wei D., Yu E., and Lu W. 2019. Steam-gasification of biomass with CaO as catalyst for hydrogen-rich syngas production. Journal of the Energy Institute, 92(6), 1641–1646.