Akrylonitryl : dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

Konieczko, Katarzyna

doi:10.5604/01.3001.0014.5829

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Tytuł artykułu

Akrylonitryl : dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

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Konieczko Katarzyna

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0014.5829

Warianty tytułu

Acrylonitril : documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Akrylonitryl jest wysoce łatwopalną, lotną, bezbarwną lub bladożółtą, przezroczystą cieczą o nieprzyjemnym zapachu. Związek jest bardzo reaktywny chemicznie, niestabilizowany ulega spontanicznej polimeryzacji. Jest głównie stosowany jako surowiec do produkcji włókien i tworzyw sztucznych.Akrylonitryl działa toksycznie (w warunkach narażenia przewlekłego działa szkodliwie na układ nerwowy), drażniąco i uczulająco. Jest zaklasyfikowany do kategorii zagrożenia 1B czynników rakotwórczów (na podstawie wyników badań na zwierzętach; w dostępnym piśmiennictwie i bazach danych brak informacji na temat wyników badań epidemiologicznych). Propozycję wartości najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia (NDS) akrylonitrylu wyznaczono na ilościowym szacowaniu ryzyka nowotworów OUN u szczurów, narażanych inhalacyjnie. Zaproponowano przyjęcie wartości NDS akrylonitrylu w powietrzu środowiska pracy na poziomie 1 mg/m³ , przy której dodatkowe ryzyko nowotworu OUN (przy założeniu 40-letniego okresu aktywności zawodowej) wynosi 2,2 10-4 ÷ 6,2 10-4. Aby ograniczyć możliwość wystąpienia stężeń pikowych zaproponowano przyjęcie wartości najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia chwilowego (NDSCh) akrylonitrylu na poziomie 3 NDS, tj. 3 mg/m³ . Jako wartość DSB zaproponowano 60 μg/l (2-cyjanoetylo)- waliny (CEV) we krwi pobranej po 3 miesiącach narażenia. Ze względu na działanie rakotwórcze, drażniące, uczulające oraz wchłanianie akrylonitrylu przez skórę substancję oznakowano literami: „Carc. 1B” – substancja rakotwórcza kategorii zagriożenia 1B, „A” – substancja uczulająca, „I” – substancja drażniąca oraz „skóra” – wchłanianie substancji przez skórę może być tak samo istotne, jak przy narażeniu drogą oddechową. Zakres tematyczny artykułu obejmuje zagadnienia zdrowia oraz bezpieczeństwa i higieny środowiska pracy będące przedmiotem badań z zakresu nauk o zdrowiu oraz inżynierii środowiska.

Acrylonitrile is a highly flammable, volatile, colorless or pale yellow transparent liquid with a pungent odor. It is chemically very reactive and undergoes spontaneous polymerization. It is mainly used in the production of artificial fibers and plastics. Acrylonitrile is toxic (harmful to nervous system during chronic exposure), irritating and sensitizing. It is classified as a carcinogen category 1B based on animal studies (no evidence from epidemiological studies). The proposed TLV value for acrylonitrile was based on a quantitative risk assessment of CNS tumors in rats exposed by inhalation. The MAC value of 1 mg/m³ has been proposed, at which the additional risk of CNS cancer, assuming a 40-year period of occupation, is 2.2 10-4 – 6.2 10-4. To prevent peak concentrations, the STEL value of 3 mg/m³ has been proposed. The BLV value was proposed at 60 µg/l (2-cyanoethyl)valine (CEV) in blood collected after 3 months of exposure. Due to its carcinogenic, irritating, sensitizing effects and absorption of acrylonitrile through the skin, it should be labeled: Carc. 1B (carcinogenicity category 1B); A (sensitizing substance); I (irritant) and „skin” (skin absorption may be just as important as inhalation). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engineering.

Słowa kluczowe

akrylonitryl toksyczność środowisko pracy narażenie zawodowe NDS nauki o zdrowiu inżynieria środowiska

acrylonitrile toxicity working environment occupational exposure OEL MAC health sciences environmental engineering

Wydawca

Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Czasopismo

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy

Rocznik

2020

Tom

Nr 4 (106)

Strony

37--90

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 182 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Konieczko Katarzyna

Katarzyna.Konieczko@imp.lodz.pl

Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dr. med. Jerzego Nofera 91-348 Łódź, ul. św. Teresy od Dzieciątka Jezus 8 POLAND

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Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).

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