Statistical Estimation and Mathematical Modelling of Tropospheric Radio Refractivity Based on Meteorological Data

• Autorzy: Alimgeer K. S. , Awais M. , Ijaz B. , Khan S. A. , Subhan F. , Ahmad N.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/118158

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

To obtain optimal performance, estimation of radio refractivity is essential in planning and design of radio links/systems. The dependence of radio refractivity on different climatic parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity and scale height is studied. The method proposed by International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is used in calculation of tropospheric radio refractivity. The main objective of this work is to formulate a mathematical equation/expression which can be used to predict/estimate the value of radio refractivity for an arbitrary day of any year, with a low error of estimation, in a local environment. Sensitivity of radio refractivity to temperature, pressure and humidity has been evaluated for a period of 5 years from 2008 to 2012, in a particular area under consideration. The results presented for tropospheric radio refractivity take into consideration both the location height and scale height parameters. The results are analysed in terms of statistical measures such as the moving averages, probability density function, monthly mean values, and their corresponding standard deviations. Finally, a mathematical model is formulated to calculate the radio refractivity for any day of a whole year. Reliability of error analysis in respect to accuracy is also shown. It was implemented in the industrial enterprise.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

radio refractivity; statistical estimation; ITU; mathematical modelling

• Wydawca: Komitet Metrologii i Aparatury Naukowej PAN
• Czasopismo: Metrology and Measurement Systems
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: Vol. 25, nr 1
• Strony: 115--128
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 20 poz., rys., tab., wykr., wzory

Twórcy

autor

Alimgeer K. S.

• COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan

autor

Awais M.

• COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore, Pakistan

autor

Ijaz B.

• COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan

autor

Khan S. A.

• COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan

autor

Subhan F.

• National University of Modern Languages - NUML, Department of Computer Science, Islamabad, Pakistan

autor

Ahmad N.

• National University of Modern Languages - NUML, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Islamabad, Pakistan

Bibliografia

• [1] Russell, R. (2010). The Troposphere. http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/troposphere.html.
• [2] Safdar, A., Malik, S.A., Alimgeer, K.S., Khan, S.A., Ali, R.L. (2012). Statistical estimation of tropospheric radio refractivity derived from 10 year meteorological data. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 77, 96-103.
• [3] Adediji, A.T., Ajewole, M.O. (2011). Variation of Radio Refractivity Gradient and Effective Earth Radius Factor.
• [4] Serdega, D., Ivanovs, G. (2007). Refraction seasonal variation and that influence on to GHz range microwaves availability. Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 6(78), 39-42.
• [5] Caglar, Y., Peter, G., William, S.H. (2006). Estimation of radio refractivity from radar clutter using Bayesian Monte Carlo analysis. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 54(4), 1318-1327.
• [6] Naveen, K.C., Trivedi, D.K., Roopam, G. (2011). The impact of K-factor on wireless link in Indian semi-desert terrain. International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications, 2(4), 776-779.
• [7] Lowry, R.A., et al. (2000). Vertical profiling of atmospheric refractivity from ground-based GPS.
• [8] Freeman, R.L. (2007). Radio System Design for Telecommunications. 3rd ed., NY: Wiley-Interscience.
• [9] Adeyemi, B. (2006). Surface water vapor density and tropospheric radio refractivity linkage over three stations in Nigeria. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar - Terrestrial Physics, 68, 1105-1115.
• [10] Nel, J.W., Erasmus, S.J., Mare, S. (1988). The establishment of a radio refractivity data base for Southern Africa. Communications and Signal Processing Proc., COMSIG 88, Southern African Conference.
• [11] Guanjun, G., Shukai, Li. (2000). Study on the vertical profile of refractive index in the troposphere. International Journal of Infrared Millimeter Waves, 21(7), 1103-1111.
• [12] Valma, E., Tamosiunaite, M., Tamosiunas, S., Tamosiuniene, M., Zilinskas, M. (2010). Determination of radio refractive index using meteorological data. Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 10(106), 125-128.
• [13] International Telecommunication Union, 1970-1986-1990-1992-1994-1995-1997-1999-2001-2003. The radio refractive index: its formula and refractivity data. Recommendation ITU-R, 453-459.
• [14] International Telecommunication Union, 1992-1994-1997-1999-2003-2005-2007. Effects of tropospheric refraction on radiowave propagation. Recommendation ITU-R, 834-836.
• [15] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad (Jun. 2014).
• [16] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Islamabad (Jun. 2014).
• [17] Okoro, O.N., Agbo, G.A. (2012). The Effect of Variation of Meteorological Parameters on the Tropospheric Radio Refractivity for Minna. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Physics & Space Science, 12(2), Version 1.0.
• [18] Zilinskas, M., Tamosiunaite, M., Tamosiuniene, M., Valma, E., Tamosiunas, S. (2012). Gradient of Radio Refractivity in Troposphere. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proc., Moscow, Russia.
• [19] Valma, E., et. al. (2011). Variation of Radio Refractivity with Height above Ground.
• [20] Adediji, T.A., Ajewole, M.O. (2008). Vertical Profile of Radio Refractivity in Akure South-West Nigeria. 4, 157-168.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).