Antibiotics in the Environment as one of the Barriers to Sustainable Development

Lach, Joanna; Stępniak, Longina; Ociepa-Kubicka, Agnieszka

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Antibiotics in the Environment as one of the Barriers to Sustainable Development

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Lach Joanna , Stępniak Longina , Ociepa-Kubicka Agnieszka

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Antybiotyki w środowisku jako jedna z barier dla zrównoważonego rozwoju

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Abstrakty

The paper has analyzed the presence of antibiotics in crude (hospital, medicine production and municipal) waste water, treated waste water, surface water and drinking water across the world. The concentrations of antibiotics in medicine production waste water reached a level of up to 900 µ/dm3; in hospital waste water, up to 124 µ/dm3; and in municipal waste water, up to 64 µ/dm3. Antibiotic concentrations in treated waste water approached 260 ng/dm3. The presence of antibiotics in surface water has also been covered. The most often identified medicines were: Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin, Norfloxacin, Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim. The maximum antibiotic concentrations in surface water are as high as up to 2 µg/dm3. In the majority of cases, identified antibiotics occurred in concentrations from several to several dozen ng/dm3, and less often in several hundred ng/dm3. The presence of antibiotics in drinking water, similarly as for waste water, was identified worldwide, e.g. in China, USA, Germany, Canada, France. Very high antibiotic concentrations were noted in Guangzhou, China, which reached a level of up to 679.7 ng/dm3 (Ciprofloxacin), but also in the USA (Triclosan) – 734 ng/dm3). In the majority of instances, antibiotics are present in water in much lower concentrations. The consequence of environmental contamination with antibiotics is the drug resistance of many bacterial strains with the resultant deaths of 25 000 people in the European Union and 700 000 people across the globe. The other effects of the presence of antibiotics in the natural environment are not fully understood yet. For example, carcinogenic, teratogenic or mutagenic effects are attributed to these contaminants.

W pracy przeanalizowano obecność antybiotyków w ściekach surowych (szpitalnych, z produkcji leków, komunalnych), oczyszczonych, wodach powierzchniowych i wodzie pitnej na świecie. Stężenia antybiotyków analizowane w ściekach z produkcji leków dochodziły do 900 µ/dm3, w ściekach szpitalnych do 124 µ/dm3 i komunalnych do 64 µ/dm3. Stężenia antybiotyków w ściekach oczyszczonych dochodziły do 260 ng/dm3. Przedstawiono również obecność antybiotyków w wodach powierzchniowych. Najczęściej identyfikowanymi lekami były: ciprofloxacin, erytromycyna, norfloxacin, sulfamethoxazole i trimethoprim. Maksymalne stężenia antybiotyków w wodach powierzchniowych dochodzą nawet do 2 µg/dm3. W większości przypadkach identyfikowane antybiotyki występowały w ilości od kilku do kilkudziesięciu ng/dm3, rzadziej w ilości kilkuset ng/dm3. Obecność antybiotyków w wodzie pitnej jest identyfikowana, podobnie jak w przypadku ścieków na całym świecie np. w Chinach, USA, Niemczech, Kanadzie, Francji. Odnotowano bardzo wysokie stężenia antybiotyków Chinach w Guangzhou dochodzące do 679,7 ng/dm3 (ciprofloxacin ), ale również w USA (triclosan – 734 ng/dm3). W większości przypadków antybiotyki w wodach są w znacznie niższych stężeniach. Konsekwencją zanieczyszczenia środowiska antybiotykami jest lekooporność wielu szczepów bakterii i w konsekwencji coroczna śmierć 25 000 osób w Unii Europejskiej i około 700000 na całej kuli ziemskiej. Nie do końca poznane są inne skutki obecności antybiotyków w środowisku. Przypisuje się temu zanieczyszczeniu właściwości rakotwórcze, teratogenne lub mutagenne.

Słowa kluczowe

antibiotics water pollution drug resistance

antybiotyki zanieczyszczenie wody lekooporność

Wydawca

Lublin University of Technology

Czasopismo

Problemy Ekorozwoju

Rocznik

2018

Tom

Vol. 13, nr 1

Strony

197--207

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 88 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Lach Joanna

jlach@is.pcz.czest.pl

Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, ul. Brzeźnicka 60a, Częstochowa, Poland

autor

Stępniak Longina

stepniak@is.pcz.czest.pl

Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, ul. Brzeźnicka 60a, Częstochowa, Poland

autor

Ociepa-Kubicka Agnieszka

agnieszkaociepa22@wp.pl

Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management, Ul. Armii Krajowej 19b, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland

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