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Countering Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) in Military Operations

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EN
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EN
Although contemporary unmanned systems are used in every environment, they overwhelmingly dominate the airspace. They are commonly called aerial drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), while the systems supporting and controlling UAVs are called unmanned aerial systems (UASs). The widespread adoption of aerial drone technology has led to their increasing use on the battlefield. Therefore, finding an effective counter-drone (counter - UAS) weapon has become a serious challenge. This task is particularly difficult because we are dealing with a huge variety of unmanned aerial systems while their numbers are increasing at a record-breaking pace. At this point, there are also no fully proven counter-drone solutions, with most existing systems still in the research phase or newly introduced prototypes. The emerging problems and the set of uncertainties associated with them have become the fundamental basis for addressing and presenting this issue in this publication. This article discusses the crucial subject of defense against unmanned aerial systems from the perspective of modern warfare. The author addresses the question of how to plan and implement counter-drone defense in military operations, as well as what technical solutions could be useful for this purpose. Throughout this study, the author employed various methods, including analysis, synthesis, comparison, and case studies, primarily by examining available open-source information on recent armed conflicts in Nagorno-Karabakh and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. These methods enabled the author to validate his main hypothesis: there are currently no effective drone countermeasures systems, particularly against drones that can operate autonomously, utilize artificial intelligence algorithms for guidance and decision-making, or engage in large-scale attacks, known as swarms. Simultaneously, the author points out what new technical solutions should be developed to enable effective countermeasures and what tactics should be incorporated into military training to address this threat. Additionally, the article discusses to what extent existing air defense systems can be adapted for counter-drone defense and whether there are effective methods of force protection against such threats.
Słowa kluczowe
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Rocznik
Tom
1
Strony
74--81
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 21 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • Military University of Land Forces, Wrocław
Bibliografia
  • 1. Alied Market Research (Jan 2023), Antidrone Market by Technology (...), Available: https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/anti-drone-market-A08180.
  • 2. ATP 3-01.81 (Aug 2023) Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System Techniques, Department of the Army, Washington DC.
  • 3. ATP 3.3.8.1 (May 2019), Minimum Training Requirements For Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Operators And Pilots, NATO, Brussels.
  • 4. Aouladhadj D., Kpre E., Deniau V., Kharchouf A., Gransart Ch., Gaquière, Ch. Drone (2023.09.04), Detection and Tracking Using RF Identification Signals, Special Issue "UAV Detection, Classification, and Tracking" Sensors 2023, 23(17), 77650, Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177650.
  • 5. Časar, J., Starý, V. and Hanuš, V., (2023), May. Evaluation metodology for counter unmanned aerial system detectors. In 2023 International Conference on Military Technologies (ICMT) (pp. 1-5). IEEE, DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1109/ICMT58149.2023.10171326.
  • 6. Classification of the Unmanned Aerial Systems, (2023.04.02), Available: https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog892/node/5.
  • 7. CRS (2023.08.24), Navy Shipboard Lasers: Background and Issues for Congress, Available: https://sgp.fas.org/crs/weapons/R44175.pdf
  • 8. Dąbrowski M. (2017.01.01), Lasery - broń przyszłości, Available: http://www.defence24.pl/lasery-bron-przyszlosci.
  • 9. Dura M. (2023.01.08.) Polska tarcza a lekcje z Ukrainy. Jak zbudować skuteczną obronę przeciwlotniczą, Available: https://defence24.pl/polska-tarcza-a-lekcje-z-ukrainy-jak-zbudowac-skuteczna-obrone-przeciwlotnicza-analiza
  • 10. Gupta Suraj G., Ghonge Mangesh M., Jawandhiya P. M. (2013), Review of Unmanned Aircraft Robin Radar (2023), 10 Types of Counter Drone Technology To Detect And Stop Drones Today, Available: https://www.robinradar.com/press/blog/10-counter-drone-technologies-to-detect-and-stop-drones-today.
  • 11. System (UAS), International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 2, Issue 4, ISSN: 2278 – 1323.
  • 12. Hecht E. (2022), Drones in Nagorno-Karabakh War: Analyzing the Data, Military Strategy Magazine, Vol.7, Issue 4.
  • 13. Holland Michel, A. (2019), Counter-drone systems. 2nd Edition, Center for the Study of the Drone at Bard College, Annandale-On-Huston.
  • 14. Sof E. (2022.10.20), HESA Shahed 136: A cheap and deadly Iranian kamikaze drone, Available: https://special-ops.org/hesa-shahed-136-kamikaze-drone/.
  • 15. Michalski D. & Michalska A., (2017)"Protection against drone activity", Security Forum, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 73-83, ISSN 2857–3691
  • 16. https://wsb.edu.pl/files/pages/634/security_forum_01_2017_8druk.pdf.
  • 17. Michalska, A. (2020). An Event Model Of The Operation Process Of Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles Used In The Polish Armed Forces. Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych, (2 (2020)), 86-93 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37105/iboa.63.
  • 18. Wyrwał M. (2022.11.22) Wojna dronów w Ukrainie. Śmierć do rąk własnych, Available: https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/swiat/wojna-dronow-w-ukrainie-smierc-do-rak-wlasnych/mz1qjt8
  • 19. Partridge Ch. (2022.12.21), Ukraine war: US Patriot missiles will comfort Kyiv and alarm Moscow, Available: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63994648.
  • 20. Wang J., Song H., Liu Y. (2021), Counter-Unmanned Aircraft System(s) (C-UAS): State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Trends, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, March 2021, DOI: https://10.1109/MAES.2020.3015537.
  • 21. US GAO (2023.04.17), Report to Congressional Committees. Directed Energy Weapons: DOD should focuse on Transition Planning, Available: https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-23-105868.pdf.
  • 22. Vashisht P. (Apr 2021), Modern Counter Drone Systems – A Technology Review Available: https://www.mistralsolutions.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Modern-Counter-Drone-Systems.pdf.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).
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Bibliografia
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bwmeta1.element.baztech-1a340843-5cb3-4097-a52f-6fa072ec7144
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