Green measures for sustainable sea ports: A case study of the sea port in Gdynia

• Autorzy: Maruszczak Marianna , Sosik-Filipiak Katarzyna

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.17402/500

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of this article is to present the results of research on solutions that can be implemented by the Gdynia Sea Port to allow it to obtain the title of a Green Port. The conducted research concerned a broad area, i.e., the identification of initiatives taken by seaports distinguished as Green Ports and other possible solutions consistent with the ideas of sustainable development. The article focuses on solutions for the Gdynia Sea Port, which, despite the implementation of many pro-ecological initiatives, does not have the official title of a Green Port. Seaports serve many modes of transport, but they are currently dominated by road transport. The activities of seaports located in urban agglomerations significantly contribute to the emission of air pollutants, noise, congestion, and other factors, which directly affect the health and quality of life of its inhabitants. The research process involved a critical literature analysis, the method of deduction, and a structured interview with representatives of the seaport in Gdynia. Based on the conducted research, areas important for obtaining the title of Green Port were identified, including increased investments in renewable and alternative energy sources, as well as a focus on the implementation of intelligent solutions.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

air quality; monitoring; environmental management; sea ports; green port; sustainable port; urban port

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: nr 69 (141)
• Strony: 66--75
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 45 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Maruszczak Marianna

• Maritime University of Szczecin, Faculty of Economics and Transport Engineering Department of Management and Logistics 11 Henryka Pobożnego St., 70-507 Szczecin, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8089-2042

autor

Sosik-Filipiak Katarzyna

• Maritime University of Szczecin, Faculty of Economics and Transport Engineering Department of Management and Logistics 11 Henryka Pobożnego St., 70-507 Szczecin, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1298-9955

Bibliografia

• 1. Acciaro, M., Ghiara, H. & Cusano, M.I. (2014) Energy management in seaports: A new role for port authorities. Energy Policy 71, pp. 4–12, doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.04.013.
• 2. Adamo, F., Andria, G., Cavone, G., De Capua, C., Lanzolla, A.M.L., Morello, R. & Spadavecchia, M. (2014) Estimation of ship emissions in the port of Taranto. Measurement 47, pp. 982–988, doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2013.09.012.
• 3. Anastasopoulos, D., Kolios, S. & Stylios, C. (2011) How will Greek ports become green ports? Geo-Eco-Marina 17, pp. 73–80.
• 4. Bergqvist, R., Macharis, C., Meers, D. & Woxenius, J. (2015) Making hinterland transport more sustainable a multi actor multi criteria analysis. Research in Transportation Business & Management 14, pp. 80–89, doi: 10.1016/j.rtbm. 2014.10.009.
• 5. Bjerkan, K.Y. & Seter, H. (2019) Reviewing tools and technologies for sustainable ports: Does research enable decision making in ports? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 72, pp. 243–260, doi: 10.1016/ j.trd.2019.05.003.
• 6. Carpenter, A., Lozano, R., Sammalisto, K. & Astner, L. (2018) Securing a port’s future through Circular Economy: Experiences from the Port of Gävle in contributing to sustainability. Marine Pollution Bulletin 128, pp. 539–547, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.065.
• 7. Chen, Z., Pak, M. & Delphi, A. (2017) Analysis on green performance evaluation indices for ports in China. Maritime Policy & Management 445, pp. 537–550, doi: 10.1080/03088839.2017.1327726.
• 8. EcoPorts Network (2020) [Online] Available from: https:// www.ecoports.com/network [Accessed: March 04, 2020].
• 9. EcoPorts Tools (2020) [Online] Available from: https:// www.ecoports.com/assets/files/common/brochures/ESP2035_ECOPORTS_DEF-tools.pdf, [Accessed: March 04, 2020].
• 10. ESPO (2013) ESPO Green Guide; Towards excellence in port environmental management and sustainability. Annex 1: Good practice examples in line with the 5 Es. [Online] Available from: https://www.ecoports.com/publications/ espo-green-guide-towards-excellence-in-port-environmental-management-and-sustainability [Accessed: March 27, 2020].
• 11. ESPO (2019) ESPO Environmental Report – EcoPortsinSights 2019. [Online] Available from: https//www.espo. be/media/Environmental%20Report-2019%20FINAL.pdf [Accessed: March 28, 2020].
• 12. ESPO (2020a) European Sea Ports Organisation. Our organization. [Online] Available from: https://www.espo.be/ organisation [Accessed: March 03, 2020].
• 13. ESPO (2020b) Top 10 environmental priorities 2020. [Online] Available from: https://www.espo.be/publications [Accessed: December 07, 2020].
• 14. European Commission – Mobillity and Transport (2015) Report of the exchange of views between ports CEOS and Transport Commissioner Bulc. [Online] Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/modes/ maritime/ports/doc/2015-01-19-report-exchange-of-viewscomm-bulc-ports-ceos.pdf [Accessed: December 07, 2020].
• 15. European Court of Auditors (2018) Special Report. Air pollution: Our health still insufficiently protected. (Pursuant to Article 287(4), second subparagraph, TFEU), European Union, 2018.
• 16. Fenton, P. (2017) The role of port cities and transnational municipal networks in efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions on land and at sea from shipping – An assessment of the World Ports Climate Initiative. Marine Policy 75, pp. 271–277, doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2015.12.012.
• 17. Gibbs, D., Rigot-Muller, P., Mangan, J. & Lalwani, C. (2014) The role of sea ports in end-to-end maritime transport chain emissions. Energy Policy 64, pp. 337–348, doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.09.024.
• 18. Hall, P.V. & Jacobs, W. (2012) Why are maritime ports (still) urban, and why should policy-makers care? Maritime Policy & Management 39, 2, pp. 189–206, doi: 10.1080/03088839.2011.650721.
• 19. Hossain, T., Adams, M. & Walker, T.R. (2021) Role of sustainability in global seaports. Ocean & Coastal Management 202, 105435, doi: 10.106/j.ocecoaman.2020.105435.
• 20. Kang, D. & Kim, S. (2017) Conceptual model development of sustainability practices: the case of port operations for collaboration and governance. Sustainability 9, 2333, doi: 10.3390/su9122333.
• 21. Kotowska, I. (2016) Policies applied by seaport authorities to create sustainable development in port cities. Transportation Research Procedia 16, pp. 236–243, doi: 10.1016/ j.trpro.2016.11.023.
• 22. Lam, J.S.L. & Notteboom, T. (2014) The greening of ports: a comparison of port management tools used by leading ports in Asia and Europe. Transport Reviews 34 (2), pp. 169–189, doi: 10.1080/01441647.2014.891162.
• 23. Lawer, E.T., Herbeck, J. & Flitner, M. (2019) Selective Adoption: How Port Authorities in Europe and West Africa Engage with the Globalizing “Green Port” Idea. Sustainability 11(18), 5119, doi: 10.3390/su11185119.
• 24. Lu, C.-S., Shang, K.-C. & Lin, C.-C. (2016) Examining sustainability performance at ports: port managers’ perspectives on developing sustainable supply chains. Maritime Policy and Management 43, 8, pp. 909–927, doi: 10.1080/03088839.2016.1199918.
• 25. Ministry of Maritime Economy and Inland Navigation (2018) Polish Sea Port Development Programme to 2020 (with a perspective up to 2030), Warsaw.
• 26. PCBC (2021) Certification of Management Systems PN-EN ISO 14001. Polish Centre for Testing and Certification S.A. Available from: https://www.pcbc.gov.pl/pl/uslugi/certyfikacja-systemow-zarzadzania/pn-en-iso-14001 [Accessed: March 23, 2020].
• 27. Port of Gdynia Authority S.A. (2016) Plan of combating threats and pollution in port waters for the management of Sea Port Gdynia S.A. Excerpt from the Annex to the Regulation No. 17/2016 of October 28, 2016. Available from: www.port.gdynia.pl [Accessed: July 21, 2020].
• 28. Port of Gdynia Authority S.A. (2018) Port plan for the management of waste and cargo residues from ships in the Port of Gdynia, 2018. Available from: www.port.gdynia.pl [Accessed: July 21, 2020].
• 29. Port of Gdynia Authority S.A. (2020) Port Tariff established by the Port of Gdynia Authority S.A. By the resolution of the company’s Management Board No. 118/VII/2020 of May 5, 2020.
• 30. Port of Gdynia Report (2018) Social Responsibility of the Port of Gdynia Authority S.A. Report 2018. Available from: https://www.port.gdynia.pl/files/CSR/49972_raport_CSR. pdf, [Accessed: December 08, 2020].
• 31. Port of Hamburg (2018) Green electricity AGVs in serial production. [Online] 07 August. Available from: https:// www.hafen-hamburg.de/en/news/green-electricity-agvs -in-serial-production---35938 [Accessed: December 26, 2020].
• 32. Port of Szczecin–Świnoujście (2020) Certyfikat ISO 9001:2008 and 14001:2004. Available from: http://www. port.szczecin.pl/en/ports-authority/iso-zsz/ [Accessed: December 25, 2020].
• 33. Poulsen, R.T., Ponte, S. & Sornn-Friese, H. (2018) Environmental upgrading in global value chains: The potential and limitations of ports in the greening of maritime transport. Geoforum 89, pp. 83–95, doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum. 2018.01.011.
• 34. Ramos, V., Carballo R., Alvarez, M., Sanchez, M. & Iglesias, G. (2014) A port towards energy self-sufficiency using tidal stream power. Energy 71, pp. 432–444, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.04.098.
• 35. Regulation (EC) No. 1221/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the voluntary participation by organizations in a Community eco-management and audit scheme (EMAS), repealing Regulation (EC) No. 761/2001 and Commission Decisions 2001/681/EC and 2006/193/EC, Journal of Laws L 342/1, 9002.21.22.
• 36. Regulation (EU) No. 1316/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 establishing the Connecting Europe Facility, amending Regulation (EU) No. 913/2010 and repealing. Regulations (EC) No. 680/2007 and (EC) No. 67/2010.
• 37. Renewable Energy Sources (2020) OZE w Porcie Gdynia. [Online] 24 June. Available from: https://www.port.gdynia. pl/pl/wydarzenia/aktualnosci/1625-oze-w-porcie-gdynia [Accessed: January 15, 2021].
• 38. Schipper, C.A., Vreugdenhil, H. & de Jong, M.P.C. (2017) A sustainability assessment of ports and port-city plans comparing ambitions with achievements. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 57, pp. 84–111, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2017.08.017.
• 39. Teerawattana, R. & Yang Y. (2019) Environmental Performance Indicators for Green Port Policy Evaluation: Case Study of Laem Chabang Port. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics 35, pp. 63–69, doi: 10.1016/j.ajsl.2019.03.009.
• 40. Twardy, E. & Zanne, M. (2020) Improvement of the sustainability of ports logistics by the development of innovative green infrastructure solutions. Transportation Research Procedia 45, pp. 539–546, doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2020.03.059.
• 41. UNIC Warsaw (2018) Ratschka, M. Cele Zrównoważonego Rozwoju na rzecz środowiska. [Online] Available from: http://www.un.org.pl/inne-materialy [Accessed: March 15, 2020].
• 42. United Nations (2014) Port Management Series – Volume 1. Port Management Case Studies. 2011–2013 Cycle of the TrainForTrade Port Training Programme, United Nations Publications.
• 43. Wagner, N. (2019) Sustainability in Port Cities – a Bibliometric Approach. Transportation Research Procedia 39, pp. 587–596, doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2019.06.060.
• 44. WCED (1991) Our common future. Oxford University Press 1987. Nasza wspólna przyszłość: Raport Światowej Komisji ds. Środowiska i Rozwoju. Warszawa: PWN, pp. 67–71.
• 45. Yigit, K. & Acarkan, B. (2018) A new electrical energy management approach for ships using mixed energy sources to ensure sustainable port cities. Sustainable Cities and Society 40, pp. 126–135, doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.04.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu „Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki” - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).