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Soil Nematodes in Organic and Conventional Farming System : A Comparison of the Taxonomic and Functional Diversity

Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Agricultural practices in organic farming theoretically are supposed to lead to higher diversity and activity of soil organisms, which correlates with the stability or resilience of the soil system. In a 3-year study, we tested that hypothesis by comparing the nematode abundance, genera composition and community structure in the soil of winter wheat crop under organic and conventional management. We found the soil type to be a stronger predictor for the total nematodes abundance than the farming system itself. In both systems nematode densities were higher in the sandy than in the clayey soil. Total abundance of nematodes was significantly higher in the organic than conventional farm only in sandy soil and only in the autumn. Significantly more plant feeders was observed in organic than in the conventional crops regardless the soil type. In the clayey soil more bacterial feeders were found in the conventional farm, while in the sandy soil — in the organic one. Nematode generic richness was higher in the organic (a range of 15–35 genera) than in the conventional crops (a range of 15–29) on most sampling dates. Higher generic diversity (H') in the organic crop than in conventional was found for total nematodes in the clayey soil, and for hyphal feeders in sandy soil. H' for plant feeders were higher under organic than conventional system in both types of soil. In both farming systems bacterial feeding genera (Rhabditis, Panagrolaimus, Cephalobus and Acrobeloides) dominated in the communities. Plant feeders and omnivores were found among dominant genera only in the clayey soil, first under both systems, the latter only in the organic crops. The evaluation based on the ecological indices such as Maturity Index, Plant Parasite Index, Enrichment and Structure Index, and ratios between nematode trophic groups, showed that nematode communities under both farming systems most of the time were low matured and the soil food webs strongly disturbed.
Rocznik
Strony
547--563
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 28 poz., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
  • Institute of Ecology and Bioethics, Faculty of Christian Philosophy, Cardinal Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
autor
  • Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, Department of Agroecosystems, sq. Łódzki 3, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
autor
  • Institute of Ecology and Bioethics, Faculty of Christian Philosophy, Cardinal Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
  • [1] Andrássy I. 1983 — A taxonomic review of the suborder Rhabditina (Nematoda: Secernentia) — Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer (ORSTOM), Paris.
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  • [3] Bongers T. 1990 — The maturity index: an ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition — Oecologia, 83: 14–19.
  • [4] Bongers T. 1998 — [The nematodes of the Netherlands] — Stichting Uitgeverij Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, Utrecht, 408 pp. (in Dutch).
  • [5] Bongers T. 1999 — The Maturity Index, the evolution of nematode life history traits, adaptive radiation and c-p-scaling — Plant Soil, 212: 13–22.
  • [6] Briar S. S., Grewal P. S., Somasekhar N., Stinner D., Miller Sally A. 2007 — Soil nematode community, organic matter, microbial biomass and nitrogen dynamics in field plots transitioning from conventional to organic management — Appl. Soil Ecol. 37: 256– 266.
  • [7] Brzeski M. W. 1998 — Nematodes of Tylenchina in Poland and temperate Europe — Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw.
  • [8] de Goede R. G. M., Bongers T. 1994 — Nematode community structure in relation to soil and vegetation characteristics — Appl. Soil Ecol. 1: 29–44.
  • [9] Ferris H., Venette R. C., Lau S. S. 1996 — Dynamics of nematode communities in tomatoes grown in conventional and organic farming systems, and their impact on soil fertility — Appl. Soil Ecol. 3: 161–175.
  • [10] Ferris H., T. Bongers, de Goede R. G. M. 2001 — A framework for soil food web diagnostics: extension of the nematode faunal analysis concept — Appl. Soil Ecol. 18: 13–29.
  • [11] Flegg J. J. M., Hooper D. J. 1970 — Extraction of free-living stages from soil (In: Laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes, Ed: J. P. Southey) — Technical Bulletin of Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food London, 2: 5–23.
  • [12] Foissner W. 1992 — Comparative studies on the soil life in ecofarmed and conventionally farmed fields and grasslands of Austria — Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 40: 207–218.
  • [13] Freckman D. W. 1988 — Bacterivorous nematodes and organic-matter decomposition — Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 24: 195–217.
  • [14] Freckman D. W., Ettema C. H. 1993 — Assessing nematode communities in agroecosystems of varying human intervention — Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 45: 239–261.
  • [15] Goodey T. 1963 — Soil and freshwater nematodes — John Wiley and Sons, New York, 544 pp.
  • [16] Griffiths B. S., Ritz K., Wheatley R. E. 1994 — Nematodes as indicators of enhanced microbiological activity in a Scottish organic farming system — Soil Use Manage. 10: 20–24.
  • [17] Ingham R. E., Trofymow J. A., Ingham E. R., Coleman D. C. 1985 — Interactions of bacteria, fungi, and their nematode grazers: effects on nutrient cycling and plant growth — Ecol. Monogr. 55: 119–140.
  • [18] Mulder Ch., de Zwart D., van Wijnen H. J., Schouten A. J., Breure A. M. 2003 — Observational and simulated evidence of ecological shifts within the soil nematode community of agroecosystems under conventional and organic farming — Funct. Ecol. 17: 516–525.
  • [19] Neher D. A. 1999 — Nematode communities in organically and conventionally managed agricultural soils — J. Nematol. 31: 142–154.
  • [20] Neher D. A., Olson R. K. 1999 — Nematode communities in soils of four farm cropping systems — Pedobiologia, 43: 430–438.
  • [21] New T. R. 2005 — Invertebrate Conservation and Agricultural ecosystems — Cambridge University Press.
  • [22] Southwood T. R. E., Henderson P. A. 2000 — Ecological Methods — Blackwell Science Ltd, London, 575 pp.
  • [23] Southwood T. R. E. 1978 — Ecological Methods — Chapman and Hall, London, 524 pp.
  • [24] Van Diepeningen A. D., de Vos O. J., Korthals G. W., van Bruggen A. H. C. 2006 — Effect of organic versus conventional management on chemical and biological parameters in agricultural soils — Appl. Soil Ecol. 31: 120–135.
  • [25] Wasilewska L. 1979 — The structure and function of soil nematode communities in natural ecosystems and agrocenoses — Pol. Ecol. Stud. 5: 97–145.
  • [26] Wasilewska L. 1997 — Soil invertebrates as bioindicators, with special reference to soil inhabiting nematodes — Russ. J. Nematol. 5: 113–126.
  • [27] Yeates G. W., Bardgett R. D., Cook R., Hobbs P. J., Bowling P. J., Poter J. F. 1997 — Faunal and microbial diversity in three Welsh grassland soils under conventional and organic management regimes — J. Appl. Ecol. 34: 453–470.
  • [28] Yeates G. W., Bongers T., De Goede R. G. M, Freckman D. W., Georgieva S. S. 1993 — Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera. An outline for soil ecologists — J. Nematol. 25: 315–331.
Uwagi
Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-195ac7c9-c492-4609-9fde-061888691ae3
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