PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
Tytuł artykułu

The source of toxicity of backwash water from a swimming pool filter bed washings

Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The necessity of reducing the operating costs of swimming pools leads to attempts to reuse of backwash water from washing swimming pool filter beds. Their use for watering plants, sprinkling tennis courts and play fields, draining to nearby watercourses or even returning to swimming pool installations is taken into consideration. Current researches proved the toxicity of these waste streams. The results of these studies raise doubts about the rightness of the attempts to introduce washings from pool filters directly into the environment. The aim of the presented work is to determine the source of toxicity of filter backwash water. The assessed in the work washings were characterized by high turbidity, high content of both suspended solids and organic compounds. A decrease in value of general impurity indicators after the filtration process of washings has been shown, suggesting that the main source of toxicity may be the suspension, including various anthropogenic organic micropollutants. Although this is just a research hypothesis. For this reason, comparative studies on the occurrence of toxic organic micropollutants in raw filter backwash water, supernatant water and filtrate collected after the filtration process were carried out.
Rocznik
Strony
139--146
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 29 poz.
Twórcy
autor
  • Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
autor
  • Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
autor
  • Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
autor
  • Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Water and Wastewater Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Bibliografia
  • [1] Wyczarska-Kokot J. (2017). Badania jakości popłuczyn ze stacji filtrów w obiekcie basenowym w aspekcie możliwości odprowadzania ich do wód lub do ziemi - studium przypadku (Studies of backwash water quality from a swimming pool filter plant in terms of their discharge to surface water bodies or into the ground - a case study). Ochrona Środowiska 39(2), 45-50.
  • [2] Wyczarska-Kokot J. (2016). The Study of Possibilities for Reuse of Washings from Swimming Pool Circulation Systems. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 23(3), 447-459.
  • [3] Łaskawiec E., Dudziak M., Wyczarska-Kokot J. (2016). Evaluation of the possibility for recycling swimming pool back washing water. Central European Conference ECOpole’16, 5-8 October, 2016. Abstracts.
  • [4] Łaskawiec E., Dudziak M., Wyczarska-Kokot J. (2016). Oczyszczanie wody popłucznej z instalacji basenowej w jednostkowym membranowym procesie ultrafiltracji oraz w układzie zintegrowanym napowietrzanie- ultrafiltracja (Treatment of aqueous rinsing liquids of the pool water installation in a unit process of membrane ultrafiltration and in the airing-ultrafiltration integrated system). Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna 21(4), 238-245.
  • [5] Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of November 18, 2014 on the conditions to be met when introducing sewage into waters or into the ground. (Journal of Laws of 2014, item 1800).
  • [6] Łaskawiec E., Dudziak M., Wyczarska-Kokot J. (2016). Nowe możliwości w zakresie badania jakości wody basenowej (The assessment the quality of swimming pool water using ecotoxicological tools). in: Inżynieria środowiska - młodym okiem 22, Ekoinżynieria. red. Iwona Skoczko, Janina Piekutin, Katarzyna Dąbrowska, Łukasz Trybułowski. Politechnika Białostocka, ZIiTs, 111-134.
  • [7] Łaskawiec E., Dudziak M., Wyczarska-Kokot J. (2017). The use of membrane techniques in swimming pool water treatment. Journal of Ecological Engineering 18(4), 130-136.
  • [8] Łaskawiec E., Dudziak M., Wyczarska-Kokot J. (2016). Assessment of the possibility of recycling backwashing water from the swimming pool water treatment system. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering ser. A, 23(4), 401-410.
  • [9] Łaskawiec E., Dudziak M., Wyczarska-Kokot J. (2010). Zastosowanie biotestów we wstępnej ocenie jakości wody basenu szkolnego (Biotests in preliminary analysis of wafer quality in school swimming pools). Gaz, woda i technika sanitarna 90(9), 330-334.
  • [10] Directive 2006/11/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 February 2006 on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community.
  • [11] Weng S. C., Sun P., Ben W., Huang C. H., Lee L. T., Blatchely E. R. (2014). The Presence of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Swimming Pools. Environmental Science and Technology Letters 1(12) 495-498.
  • [12] Teo T. L., Coleman H.M., Khan S.J. (2016). Occurrence and daily variability of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in swimming pools. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 23(7), 6972-6981.
  • [13] Ekowati Y., Buttiglieri G., Ferrero G., Valle-Sistac J., Diaz-Cruz MS., Barceló D., Petrovic M. Villagrasa M., Kennedy M.D., Rodríguez-Roda I. (2016). Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and UV filters in swimming pools and spas. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 23(14), 14431-14441.
  • [14] Suppes L. M., Huang C. H., Lee W. N., Brockman K. J. (2017). Sources of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in swimming pools, Journal of Water and Health 15(5), 829-833.
  • [15] Lambropoulou D. A., Giokas D. L. , Sakkas VA, Albanis T. A., Karayannis M. I. (2002). Gas chromatographic determination of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and octyldimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreen agents in swimming pool and bathing waters by solidphase microextraction. Journal of Chromatography A, 967, 243-253.
  • [16] Lempart A., Kudlek E., Dudziak M. (2017). The occurrence of micropollutants from PPCPs macro group in swimming pool water. Central European Conference ECOpole’17, 4-7 October, 2017. Abstracts, 25.
  • [17] Li W., Shi Y. Gao L., Liu1 J., & Cai Y. (2015). Occurrence and human exposure of parabens and their chlorinated derivatives in swimming pools. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 22, 17987-17997.
  • [18] Cuderman P., Heath E. (2007). Determination of UV filters and antimicrobial agents in environmental water samples. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 387, 1343-1350.
  • [19] Giokas D. L., Sakkas V. A., Albanis T. A. (2004). Determination of residues of UV filters in natural waters by solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1026, 289-293.
  • [20] Giokas D. L., Sakkas V. A., Albanis T. A., Lampropoulou D. A. (2005). Determination of UV filter residues in bathing waters by liquid chromatography UV-diode array and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after micelle mediated extractionsolvent back extraction. Journal of Chromatography A, 1077(1), 19-27.
  • [21] Vidal L., Chisvert A., Canals A., Salvador A. (2010). Ionic liquid-based single-drop microextraction followed by liquid chromatographyultraviolet spectrophotometry detection to determine typical UV filters in surface water samples. Talanta, 81, 549-555
  • [22] Zwiener C., Richardson S. D., De Marini D. M., Grummt T., Glauner T., Frimmel F. H. (2007). Drowning in disinfection byproducts? Assessing swimming pool water. Environmental Science and Technology, 41, 363-372.
  • [23] Terasaki M., Makino M. (2008). Determination of chlorinated by-products of parabens in swimming pool water. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 88, 911-922.
  • [24] Regueiro J., Becerril E., Garcia-Jares C., Llompart M. (2009). Trace analysis of parabens, triclosan and related chlorophenols in water by headspace solidphase microextraction with in situ derivatization and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216, 4693-4702.
  • [25] Kudlek E., Dudziak M. (2017). The impact of selected organic micropollutants on water ecosystems. Inżynieria Ekologiczna 18(3), 83-90.
  • [26] Virkutyte J., Varma R.S., Jegatheesan V. (2010). Treatment of Micropollutants in Water and Wastewater. IWA Publishing
  • [27] Cleuvers M. (2003). Aquatic ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals including the assessment of combination effects. Toxicolgical Letters, 142, 185-194.
  • [28] de Lange H.J., NoordovenW.,Murk A.J., LurlingM., Peeters E.T.H.M. (2006). Behavioural responses of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, Amphipoda) to low concentrations of pharmaceuticals. Aquatic Toxicology, 78, 209-216.
  • [29] Pounds N., Maclean S., Webley M., Pascoe D., Hutchinson T. (2008). Acute and chronic effects of ibuprofen in the mollusk Planorbis carnatus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 70, 47-52.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-1836a2fe-f72e-49b0-ad08-c1ea01358d1a
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.