Determination of Difference Amount in Reference Evapotranspiration between Urban and Suburban Quarters in Karbala City

• Autorzy: Algretawee Hayder , Al-Saadi Riyadh Jasim Mohammed , Al Juboury Maad F. , Hasan Musaab Falih , Nile Basim K. , Kadhim Mustafa Amoori

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12911/22998993/149720

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Evapotranspiration represents one of the main parameters in the hydrological cycle. It is usually expressed by the term reference evapotranspiration (ETo) that is affected by certain meteorological parameters. This study aimed to find the difference amount in ETo between urban and suburban quarters in Karbala city. The study methodology involved selecting once urban area and four suburban quarters. Two methods of determining the reference evapo- transpiration were applied: first, a direct method which measured ETo at selected fields by using a hand-held device, and second, an indirect method using the Penman-Monteith equation. The findings showed that the magnitudes of ETo by the Penman-Monteith equation are higher than the values measured by the direct method for urban and suburban quarters. Moreover, it was found that the absolute percentage of difference in the average amount of ETo between urban and suburban quarters is 13% by using the direct method and 61% by using Penman-Monteith equation. The study conclusion is that suburban area has higher magnitude of ETo than urban quarter by using any of direct method and indirect method (Penman-Monteith equation).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

reference evapotranspiration; Penman-Monteith equation; urban area; suburban area

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Journal of Ecological Engineering
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Vol. 23, nr 7
• Strony: 180--191
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 30 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Algretawee Hayder

• Department, Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, P.O. Box 56001, Karbala, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-1134

autor

Al-Saadi Riyadh Jasim Mohammed

• Department, Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, P.O. Box 56001, Karbala, Iraq

autor

Al Juboury Maad F.

• Department, Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, P.O. Box 56001, Karbala, Iraq

autor

Hasan Musaab Falih

• Department, Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, P.O. Box 56001, Karbala, Iraq

autor

Nile Basim K.

• Department, Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, P.O. Box 56001, Karbala, Iraq

autor

Kadhim Mustafa Amoori

• University of Kerbala, P.O. Box 56001, Karbala, Iraq

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