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Since the end of World War I, the struggle with Kurdish separatism was a common problem for Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria. Due to the constant struggle and a series of favourable events, currently the most independent of the Kurdish regions is the Region of Kurdistan in Iraq. The countries in the region perceive Kurdish independence, and any questioning of the Sykes-Picot agreement, as a mortal threat to the integrity of their territories. The following article describes and highlights selected security threats in the nascent Kurdish Region in Iraq. These are very complex and have different sources. The work starts with the characterisation of the geographic region of Kurdistan and the region of Kurdistan in Iraq. The next part describes the threat from the PKK, radical Islam and terrorism. An important aspect that generates threats for the Kurdistan Region in Iraq is the relationship with the Central Government in Baghdad. These relations have a negative impact on the economic and social situation in the Kurdistan Region.
Słowa kluczowe
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
52--71
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 49 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- National Defence University, Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1. Barkey H.J. Preventing Conflict Over Kurdistan, Carnegi Endowment For International Peace, Washington 2009.
- 2. Beehner L., The Challenge in Iraq’s Other Cities: Kirkuk, “Council on Foreign Relations”, 19 I 2006.
- 3. Biała Księga Bezpieczeństwa RP.
- 4. Bogusławska J., Interwencja w Iraku - stanowisko Turcji, „Biuletyn” PISM 2003, 7 III.
- 5. Certrez, Donabed, and Makko. The Assyrian Heritage: Threads of Continuity and Influence. Uppsala University 2012.
- 6. Chapman D., Security Forces of the Kurdistan Regional Government, U.S. Army War College, 2009.
- 7. Cockburn P. Państwo Islamskie, PWN, Warszawa 2015.
- 8. Dawoody A., The Kurdish Quest for Autonomy and Iraq’s Statehood, “Jurnal of Asian and African Studies” 2006, Vol. 41, No. 5-6.
- 9. Dzięgiel L., Węzeł Kurdyjski . Giedz M., Kurdystan. Bez miejsca na mapie. Bernardinium, Pelpin 2010.
- 10. Grgies A., Sprawa kurdyjska w XX wieku, Warszawa 1997.
- 11. Gunter M.M., The KDP-PUK Conflict in Northern Iraq, “Middle East Jurnal” 1996, nr 2.
- 12. Jafar M., Democracy and Federalism. SomeeconomicIssues Some economic Issues, [w:] „Nowy Irak w perspektywie budowania demokratycznego państwa federacyjnego”, Materiały Międzynarodowej Konferencji Naukowej, Poznań 11-12 kwietnia 2005, red. Abbas A, Poznań 2006.
- 13. Jomma F., Kurdowie i Kurdystan.
- 14. Kurpiewska-Korbut R., Społeczność międzynarodowa wobec Kurdów irackich, Kraków 2014.
- 15. Lalik K. Kurdystan iracki u progu XXI wieku, Kraków 2010.
- 16. McDowall D., A Modern History Of The Kurds, I. B. Tauris, New York 1997.
- 17. Olson R, .The Goat And The Butcher. Nationalism And State Formation In Kurdistan-Iraq Since The Iraqi War, Mazda Publishers, Costa Mesa 2005, “Kurdish Studies Series”, No. 6.
- 18. Ries J., Islam, Kraków-Poznań 2001. Sosnowski P.,Paradygmat bezpieczeństwa Regionu Kurdystanu w Iraku. Praca magisterska, Akademia Obrony Narodowej, 2015.
- 19. Sosnowski P., Relacje pomiędzy wybranymi organizacjami zbrojnymi biorącymi udział w przenikającym się konflikcie w Iraku i Syrii. W: „Wojny i konflikty zbrojne w XXI wieku, AON, Warszawa 2015.
- 20. Wahlbeck Ö., Kurdish Disporas. A Comparative Study of Kurdish Refugee Communities, New York 1999.
- 21. Zebari D., The Kurdish Safe Haven in Iraq. The Problem of Non-State Status. Erbil, 2005. Erbil, 2005.
- 22. http://kurdistanica.com/?q=node/49 http://www.parstimes.com/Ioil.html.
- 23. http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/syrias-kurds-the-struggle-oil-8090.
- 24. http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/MG1100/MG1185z1-2/ RAND_MG1185z1-2.pdf s.1.
- 25. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/16/pkk-kurdish-terrorists-are-fightingisis-terrorists-with-u-s-help.html.
- 26. http://www.ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2008/2/independentstate2042.htm.
- 27. http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/040520151.
- 28. http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2014/10/21/383033/new-report-shows-turkeyisil-links/.
- 29. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/qatar-and-isis-fundingthe-u.s.-approach.
- 30. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/23/opinion/isis-atrocities-started-with-saudisupport-for-salafi-hate.html?_r=0.
- 31. http://www.newsweek.com/how-syrias-assad-helped-forge-isis-255631.
- 32. http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2014/06/22/368155/rand-paul-us-arming-isis-terrorists/.
- 33. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-l-phillips/research-paper-isis-turke_b_6128950. html 71.
- 34. http://www.danielpipes.org/blog/2014/06/more-on-turkish-support-for-isis.
- 35. http://www.newsweek.com/isis-and-turkey-cooperate-destroy-kurds-former-isismember-reveals-turkish-282920.
- 36. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/11/mosul-isis-gunmen-middle-east-states.
- 37. https://news.vice.com/article/iraq-might-have-lost-2300-armored-us-humvees-to-theislamic-state-in-mosul?utm_source=vicenewsfb.
- 38. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27789229.
- 39. http://www.visionofhumanity.org/sites/default/files/Global%20Terrorism%20Index%20 Report%202014_0.pdf.
- 40. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/iraqi-kurds-targeted-twin-carbbomb-blasts-201469141237775108.html.
- 41. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/multiple-bombings-target-kurdsiraq-2014689857332677.html.
- 42. http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/06/08/iraqi-officials-double-bombing-at-kurdishparty-office-kills-13-northeast.
- 43. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/11/deadly-car-bomb-hits-iraq-erbil 2014111992353562885.html http://news.yahoo.com/car-bomb-blast-targeted-u-consulate-erbil-reuters-154753982. html.
- 44. http://ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2014/12/state8761.htm.
- 45. http://www.aina.org/news/20120105102642.htm.
- 46. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/proscribed-terror-groups-ororganisations--2 http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/09/is-takfiri-caliphate.html#.
- 47. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/not_in_website/syndication/monitoring/media_ reports/2588623.stm http://rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/02102013.
- 48. http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/20-turkish-officers-train-iraqi-volunteer-forcesmosul-battle/.
- 49. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/08/kirkuk-kurdistan-region-oileconomy-iraq-government.html.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-154fe23c-c435-4d46-a00f-2b872bd19a10