Złoża kimberlitowe i aluwialne w rejonie Kimberley : 155 lat od odkrycia diamentów w Afryce Południowej

• Autorzy: Jarmolowicz-Szulc Katarzyna , Kozłowska Aleksandra

Warianty tytułu

EN

Kimberlite and alluvial deposits in the Kimberley region : 155 years after the diamond discovery in South Africa

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

For 155 years, the world's most famous diamond deposits have been known from South Africa. The first discoveries that had a casual character took place in the second half of the 19^th century in the Kimberley region where diamonds are associated either with kimberlite pipes or occur as secondary deposits of the river alluvia. Minerals that formed in the upper mantle under high p-T conditions were transported to the surface by magmas and deposited around craters due to lava explosions. Surfice waters leached and transported diamonds either to the crater or to the neighbourhood. These processes have led to diamond production both from the deep and open-pit mines which is presented in the paper.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

diamenty; kimberlity; depozyty pierwotne; depozyty wtórne; Kimberley

EN

diamonds; kimberlites; primary deposits; secondary deposits; Kimberley

• Wydawca: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Przegląd Geologiczny
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: Vol. 69, nr 3
• Strony: 174--178
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr.14 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Jarmolowicz-Szulc Katarzyna

• Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, ul. Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa

autor

Kozłowska Aleksandra

• Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, ul. Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa

Bibliografia

• 1. ALLSOPP H.L., BRISTOW J.W., SMITH C.B., BROWN R., GLEADOW A.J.W., KRAMERS J.D., GARVIE O.G. 1989 – A summary of radiometric dating methods applicable to kimberlites and related rocks. Fourth International Kimberlite Conference, Geol. Soc. Austr. Spec. Publ., 14: 343-357.
• 2. CLEMENT C.R. 1982 - A comparative geological study of some major kimberlite pipes in the Northern Cape and Orange Free State. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
• 3. FIELD M., STIEFENHOFEN I., ROBEY J., KURSZLANKIS S. 2008 - Kimberlite-hosted diamond deposits of southern Africa: A review. Ore Geol. Rev., 34 (1-2): 33-75.
• 4. FONTANA G., MAC NIOCALL C., BROWN R.J., SPARKS R.S.J., FIELD M. 2011 - Emplacement temperatures of pyroclastic and volcanoclastic deposits in kimberlite pipes in southern Africa. Bull. Volcanol. 73: 1063-1083.
• 5. GRESSE P.G. 2003 - The preservation of alluvial diamond deposits in abandoned meanders of the Middle Orange River. J. South Africa Inst. Min. Metallurg., 535-538.
• 6. HARLOW G.E., DAVIES R.M. 2005 - Diamonds. Elements, 67 (1): 67-70. LEVINSON A.A., GUMEY J.J., KIRKLEY M.B. 1992 - Diamonds, sources and production: past, present and future. Gems and Gemology, 28 (4): 234-254.
• 7. LEVINSON A.A. 1998 - Diamond sources and their discovery. [W:] Harlow G.E. (red.), The nature of diamonds, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 72-104.
• 8. PARTRIDGE T.C., BOTHA G.A., HADDON I.G. 2006 - Cenozoic deposits interior. [W:] Johnson M.R., Anhaeusser C.R., Thomas R.J. (red.), The geology of South Africa. Geol. Soc. South Africa, Johannes- burg/Council for geoscience, Pretoria: 585-604.
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• 11. SMITH C.B., ALLSOPP H.L., KRAMERS J.D., HUTCHISON G., RODDICK I.C. 1985 - Emplacement ages of Jurassic-Cretaceous South African kimberlites by the Rb-Sr method on phlogopite and whole rock samples. Transaction. Geol. Soc. South Africa, 88: 249-266.
• 12. WATKEYS M.K. (red.). 2016 - The great Southern African Geosafari: Cape Town to Victoria Falls with J.B. train Tours. 35th International Geological Congress. 4-13 September 2016. Field trip Guide. IUGS.
• 13. de WIT M., BHEBHE Z., DAVIDSON J., HAGGERTY S.E., HUNDT P., JACOB J., LYNN M., MARSHALL T.R., SKINNER C., SMITHSON K., STIEHOFER J., ROBERT M., REVITT A., SPAGGIARI R., WARD J. 2016 - Overview of diamond resources in Africa. [W:] Wilson M.G.C. (red.), Spec. Iss. for the 35 IGC, Cape Town, South Africa, 27 Aug.-4Sept. 2016. Episodes, 39 (2): 199-237.
• 14. www.statista.com

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).