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Developing aluminum with good mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength, and normal flow stress, Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) method has been suggested as a suitable metal forming process. The load applied and extrusion temperature normally infl uences the flow stress behavior in extruded products and de- termine their mechanical properties. Consequently, how these factors affect mechanical behavior and flow stress of Al 6063 processed by ECAE was examined in this study. Extrusion temperatures were 350°C, 425°C, and 500°C with die angles of 130°, 140°, and 150°. 5 mm/s of ram speed was applied. Each extrudate’s tensile strength and hardness were measured using a Universal Testing Machine and a Rockwell hardness tester. Samples with equal dimensions and properties were also modeled using the Qform software at the extended die angle and temperature for proper analysis of flow stress in the extrudates. According to experimental results, the temperature had a greater effect on the tensile strength and hardness of the billet than the die angle. The extrudates’ grains also became finer as the billet temperature rose. Simulation findings showed that higher billet temperature led to a decrease in the extrudates’ flow stress. The simulation also demonstrated that billet temperature had a greater impact on extrusion load than die angle, with a maximum extrusion load of 5.5 MN being attained at 350 °C.
Słowa kluczowe
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Rocznik
Tom
Strony
346--353
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 32 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
autor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
autor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
autor
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
autor
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology, University of Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa
autor
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
autor
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
autor
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, 2092, South Africa
Bibliografia
- 1. Esezobor D.E., Adeosun, S.O. Improvement on the strength of 6063 aluminum alloy by means of solution heat treatment. Materials Processing Challenges for the Aerospace Industry. 2006; 1: 645–655.
- 2. Nurul, M.A., Syahrullahi, S. Study of alternative lubricant for cold extrusion process of A1100 pure aluminum. Jurna Teknolologi, 2014; 71(2): 139-143.
- 3. Oyinbo, S.T., Ikumapayi, O.M., Jen, T.C. et al. Experimental and Numerical prediction of extrusion load at different lubricating conditions of aluminium 6063 alloy in backward cup extrusion. Engineering Solid Mechanics. 2020; 8(2): 119–130. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2019.10.003.
- 4. Mohan, R., Santhosh, M.I., Venkata, K.G. Improving mechanical properties of al 7075 alloy by equal channel angular extrusion process. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research. 2013; 3(5): 2713–2716.
- 5. Rusz, R.S., Malanik, K. Using severe plastic deformation to prepare ultra-fine grained material by ECAE method. The Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering. 2007; 28: 683–687.
- 6. Azeez, T.M., Mudashitu, L.O., et al. Mechanical properties and stress distribution in aluminium 6063 extrudates processed by equal channel angular extrusion technique. Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2021; 14: 1–9.
- 7. Murty, D.V., Ramulu, M. Deformation study of dual equal channel lateral extrusion. International Journal of Engineering Studi.2009; 3: 161–168
- 8. Raghavan, S., Qingyou, H., David, S. et al. Continuous severe plastic deformation processing of aluminum alloys. 2006. [Online]. Available: www.osti.gov.
- 9. Parshikov, R.A., Rudskoy, A.I., Zolotov, A.M. Technology problem of equal channel angular pressing. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science. 2013; 34: 26–36.
- 10. Roschowski, A. Processing metals by severe plastic deformation. Solid State Phenomena. 2005; 10: 13–22.
- 11. Mohammed, I.U., Senthil, K.S. Application of response surface methodology in optimizing process parameters of twist extrusion process for aluminum aa 6061-T6 alloy. Measurement. 2016; 94 :126-138.
- 12. Xu, S. Finite element analysis and optimization of equal channel angular pressing for producing ultrafine grained materials. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2006; 184: 209–216.
- 13. Tor-Świątek A, Garbacz Ł. UV Degradation influence on the selected physical properties of extruded PVC/Ceramic composites. Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal. 2022; 16(3): 282-294. doi:10.12913/22998624/150400.
- 14. Azeez, T.M., Mudashiru, L.O., Asafa, T.B. et al. Mechanical properties of Al 6063 processed with equal channel angular extrusion under varying process parameter. International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa. 2021; 54: 23–32.
- 15. Avitzur, B. Metal forming processes and analysis, 2nd ed. New york: Wiley interscience, 2007.
- 16. Seung, C.B., Yuri, E.H., Hyoung, S.K. et al. Calculation of deformation behavior and texture evolution during equal channel angular pressing. Materials Science Forum. 2002; 408: 697–702.
- 17. Azeez, T.M., Mudashiru, L.O., et al. Assessment of microstructure and mechanical properties of As Cast magnesium alloys reinforced with organically extracted zinc and calcium. Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2021; 6(5): 45–55.
- 18. Nickolay, B., Sergey, V., Alexey, V. Material forming simulation environment based on QFORM software system. Moskow, 2014.
- 19. Arty, A.B., Ze’ev, S.B., Frage, N. Teaching metalforming process using a laboratory micro-extrusion press. The Minerals, Metals and Materials Series. 2020; 55–67, doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36556-1.
- 20. Namrata, G., Sanchin, M., Arshad, N.S. Multipass FSP on AA 6063- T6 Al: Strategy to fabricate surface composites. Materials and Manufacturing Processes. 2017; 15(2) : 1-7.
- 21. Nemati, J., Majzoobi, G.H., Sulaiman, S. et al. Effect of equal channel angular extrusion on Al-6063 bending fatigue characteristics. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials. 2015; 22(4): 396–404.
- 22. Winholtz, R.A. Residual stresses: macro and microstresses. Materials Science and Technology. 2001; 49: 46–55.
- 23. Keste, A.A., Sarkar, C. Design optimization of precision casting for residual stress reduction. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering. 2016; 3(2): 140-150.
- 24. Zhenhua, L., Xianhua, C., Qiangian, S. Effects of heat treatment and ECAE process on transformation behaviour of TiNi shape memory alloy. Materials Letters. 2004; 59: 705–709.
- 25. Maoyu, Z., Zhengzheng, M., Chunyan, T. et al. The relationship between tensile strain and residual stress of high strength dual phase steel sheet. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018; 1–5.
- 26. Nemati, J., Sulaiman, S., Majzoobi, G.H. et al. Finite element study of deformation behavior of Al-6063 alloy developed by equal channel angular extrusion. Advanced Materials Research. 2014; 1043: 119–123.
- 27. Flitta, I., Sheppard, T. Effects of pressure and temperature variations on FEM prediction of deformation during extrusion. Materials Science and Technology. 2005; 21(3): 339–346.
- 28. Lontos, F.A., Soukatzidis, D.A., Demosthenous, D.A. et al. Effects of extrusion parameters and die geometry on the produced billet quality using finite element method. International Conference of Manufacturing Engineering. 2008; 215–228.
- 29. Jandrlic, J., Reskovic, S., Brlic, T. Effect of deformation rate on low carbon steels mechanical properties. Materials and Engineering. 2018; 1–6.
- 30. Wang, X., Zhang, M., Tang, N. et al. A forming load prediction model in BMG micro backward extrusion process considering size effect. Physics of Non Crystalline Solid. 2013; 146–151.
- 31. Ikumapayi, O.M., Oyinbo, S.T., Bodunde, O.P. et al. The effects of lubricants on temperature distribution of 6063 aluminium alloy during backward cup extrusion process. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2019; 8(1): 1175 -1187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2018.08.006.
- 32. Azeez, T.M., Mudashiru, L.O., Asafa, T.B. et al. Effects of temperature, die angle and number of passes on the extrusion of 6063 aluminium alloy: experimental and numerical study. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-022-01046-1
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-137d3841-69e5-4ff1-8db4-907cdc7c7880