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Abstrakty
When the wet granular materials lose their shear strength they flow like fluids. This phenome-non is called liquefaction. The liquefaction can be prevented by means of limiting the moisture content of cargo by introducing the safety margin. Cargoes, which may liquefy shall only be accepted for loading when the actual moisture content of the cargo is less than its Transportable Moisture Limit (TML). It has been recognized that in some cargoes, moisture can gravity drain towards the bottom of the hold. The resulting much wetter bottom layer may therefore be prone to liquefaction and provoke instability of the entire cargo. To prevent sliding and shifting of ore concentrates in storage a biodegradable materials are added to the ore. The polymer materials absorb water from the ore particle’s pores and the moisture content goes down. In consequence polymer materials may prevent drainage of the water from the ore particle’s pore.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
435--440
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 13 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1. Bulativic, S. M. (1999): Use of organic polymers in the flota-tion of polymetallic ores: A Review. Minerals engineering 12(4): 341 –354
- 2. Demirgoz D., E. &, Mano J. (2000): Chemical modification of starch based biodegradable polymeric blends: effects on water uptake, degradation behavior and mechanical prop-erties, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 70, pp. 161-170
- 3. Eckersley J. D (1987): Flow slides- susceptibility and conse-quence, The Institution of Engineers Aust Qld Div Tech Papers, 28(18)
- 4. Eckersley J.D. (1997): Coal cargo stability, The AusIMM Proceedings, No1,
- 5. International Chamber of Shipping. (1999) Ship shore safety checklist for loading and unloading dry bulk cargo carries. London
- 6. International Maritime Organization (2004): Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes. London
- 7. International Maritime Organization (2004): Code of Practice for the safe loading and unloading of bulk carries –BLU Code London,
- 8. Michałowski Z. & Popek M. & Sobiecki A. (1995): Determi-nation of Critical and permissible moisture content in coarse-grained plombous galena concentrates and coal samples, Polish Maritime Research, No 2
- 9. Popek M. (2005) Investigation of influence of organic polymer on TML value of the mineral concentrates, Proceedings of ESREL, K. Kołowrocki (ed.), London, Taylor and Francis Group, pp. 1593-1596
- 10. Roberts S., Marlow P., Casualties in dry bulk shipping, Marine Policy, (2004), pp.437-450
- 11. Sitharam T. G., (2003): Discrete element modeling of cyclic behavior of granular materials, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 21, pp. 297-329
- 12. Tudorachi N. & Lipsa R., (2006): Comparative study on starch modification with lactic acid and polylactic acid, Polimery, 51, nr 6, pp.425-430
- 13. Zhang M., (2005): Modeling liquefaction of water saturated granular material under undrained cyclic shearing, Act. Mech. Sinica 21, pp. 169 –175,
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-12fa423b-c723-497e-aba7-2a27d10cc87a