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Shear and crushing strengths of wood pellets

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
This paper presents a methodology for determining the shear and crushing strengths of four types of wood pellets. Wood pellets are renewable and sustainable products that are obtained from wood biomass and used in combustion. Their mechanical characteristics are not well defined. To characterize wood pellets, their shear and crushing strengths should be measured along with their size, moisture content, density, abrasion, and chemical contents. The shear and crushing strengths were analysed for their dependence on density, considering if these strengths remain as independent properties or only an additional option for the producers. All results showed that the shear and crushing strengths were individual properties of wood pellets and that density greatly influenced these properties. Based on theoretical research, the admittance values of breaking and shear strengths were also estimated. These results can be used in wood combustion for creating fuels from waste wood.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
87--97
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 38 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • Transylvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Wood Engineering, Department of Wood Processing and Design of Wooden Products, 29 Eroilor Blvd., 500036, Brasov, Romania
  • Transylvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Wood Engineering, Department of Wood Processing and Design of Wooden Products, 29 Eroilor Blvd., 500036, Brasov, Romania
Bibliografia
  • Bhattacharya S.C., Abdul P. [2002]: Low greenhouse gas biomass option for cooking in the developing countries. Biomass and Bioenergy 22 [4]: 305-307
  • Boutin J.P., Gervasoni G., Hlep R., Seyboth K., Lamers P., Ratton M. [2007]: Alternative energy sources in transition countries: The case of bio-energy in Ukraine. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 6 [1]: 3-11
  • Demirbas A. [2001]: Biomass resource facilities and biomass conversion processing for fuels and chemicals. Energy Conversion and Management 42 [11]: 1357-1378
  • Demirbas A., Demirbas A.S. [2004]: Briquetting properties of biomass waste materials. Energy Sources 26 [1]: 83-91
  • Dhillon R.S., von Wuelhlisch G. [2013]: Mitigation of global warming through renewable biomass. Biomassand Bioenergy 48: 75-87
  • Garcia A.M., Barcia B.M.J., Diaz D.M.A., Hernandez J.A. [2004]: Preparation of active carbon from a commercial holm-oak charcoal: study of micro-and meso-porosity. Wood Science and Technology 37: 385-394
  • Gauthier G. [2014]: Overview of the European pellet market. European Bioenergy Conference, Brussels, Belgium
  • Gavrilescu D. [2008]: Energy from biomass in pulp and paper mills, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 7: 537-546
  • Jehlickova B., Morris R. [2007]: Effectiveness of policy instruments for supporting the use of waste wood as a renewable energy resource in the Czech Republic. Energy Policy 35 [1]: 577-585
  • Junginger M., Bolkesjo T., Bradley D., Dolzan P., Faaij A., Heinimö J. [2008]: Developments in international bioenergy trade. Biomass and Bioenergy 32 [8]: 717-729
  • Kaliyan N., Morey R.V. [2009]: Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products. Biomass and Bioenergy 33 [3]: 337-359
  • Kersa J., Kulu P., Aruniit A., Laurmaa V., Križan P., Šooš L.[2010]: Determination of physical, mechanical and burning characteristics of polymeric waste material briquettes. Estonian Journal of Engineering 16 [4]: 307-316
  • Kim S., Dale B.E. [2003]: Cumulative energy and global warming impact from the production of biomass for biobased products. Journal of Industrial Ecology 7 [3-4]: 147-162
  • Lakó J., Hancsók J., Yuzhakova T., Marton G., Utasi A., Rédey A. [2008]: Biomass – a source of chemicals and energy for sustainable development. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 7 [5]: 499-509.
  • Lundborg A. [1998]: A sustainable forest fuel system in Sweden. Biomass and Bioenergy 15 [4-5]: 399-406
  • Lunguleasa A. [2010]: The compressive strength of wooden briquettes used as renewable fuel. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 9 [7]: 977-981
  • Lunguleasa A., Budau G., Cosereanu C. [2010]: Density and compression strength of beech and spruce briquettes. ProLigno 6 [3]: 61-66
  • Lunguleasa A., Spirchez C., Dobrev (Griu) T. [2015]: Effects and modeling of sawdusttorrefaction for beech pellets. BioResources 10 [3]: 4726-4739
  • Mitchual S.J., Frimpong-Mensah K., Darkwa N.A.[2013]: Effect of species, particle size and compacting pressure on relaxed density and compressive strength of fuel briquettes. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering 4: 30-36
  • NorvidanEng [1987]: Testing machine for pellets of animal foodstuffs - determines quality by measuring strength needed to shear through pellets. Nederland Patent No. NL8502491(A). http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=worldwide.espacenet.com&II=1&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19870401&CC=NL&NR=8502491A&KC=A
  • Plištil D., Brožek M., Malaták J., Roy A., Hutla P. [2005]: Mechanical characteristics of standard fuel briquettes on biomass basis. Research in Agricultural Engineering 51 [1]: 66-72.
  • Rahman A.N.E., Masood M.A., Prasad C.S.N., Venkatesham M. [1989]: Influence of size and shape on the strength of briquettes. Fuel Processing Technology 23 [3]: 185-195
  • Sola O.C., Atis C.D. [2012]: The effects of pyrite ash on the compressive strength properties of briquettes. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 16: 1225-1229
  • Spirchez C., Lunguleasa A. [2016]: Wood research testing model for assessment of lignocellulose-based pellets. Wood Research 61 [2]: 331-340
  • States R.C. [1993]: Apparatus for pelletizing coarsely ground particulate feed material. U.S. Patent No. 5263817
  • Stelte W., Holm J.K., Sanadi A.R., Barsberg S., Ahrenfeldt J., Henriksen U.B. [2011]: A study of bonding and failure mechanisms in fuel pellets from different biomass resources. Biomass and Bioenergy 35 [2]: 910-918
  • Teren J., Hutar E. [1993]: Pelleted or briquetted organomineral fertilizer. Slovakia Patent No. CZ277741 (B6). http://worldwide.espacenet. com/publication Details/biblio?DB=worldwide.espacenet
  • Verma V.K., Bram S., de Ruyck J. [2009]: Small scale biomass systems: standards, quality labeling and market driving factors – An EU outlook. Biomass and Bioenergy 33 [10]: 1393-1402
  • Wilkins E., Murray F. [1980]: Toxicity of emission from combustion and pyrolysis of wood. Wood Science and Technology 14 [4]: 281-288
  • Wolf-Crowther M., Mozes C., Laczko R. (eds.) [2011]: Forestry in the EU and the World: A Statistical Portrait. Publications Office of the European Union. Luxembourg. DOI: 10.2785/13022
  • Zarringhalam M.A., Gholipour Z.N., Dorosti, S., Vaez M. [2011]: Physical properties of solid fuel briquettes from bituminous coal waste and biomass. Journal of Coal Science and Engineering (China) 17 [4]: 434-438
  • List of standards
  • CEN/TC 335 [2004]: Solid biofuels – Fuels specification and classes. European Committee of Standardization, Brussels, Belgium
  • CTI-R 04/5 [2004]: Solid biocombustibles – Characterisation of the pellet to fine energy. Italian Organization for Standardization, Milano, Italy
  • DIN 51731 [1996]: Testing of solid fuels – Compressed and untreated wood – Requirements and testing. German Institute for Standardization, Berlin, Germany
  • EN ISO 17225-1: 2014-05-01 [2014]: Solid biofuels – Fuel specifications and classes – Part 1: General requirements. European Committee of Standardization, Brussels, Belgium
  • EN ISO 17225-2: 2014-05-01 [2014]: Solid biofuels – Fuel specifications and classes – Part 2: Graded wood pellets. European Committee of Standardization, Brussels, Belgium
  • ÖNORM M 7135 [2000]: Pellets and briquettes – Requirements and test conditions. Austria Standards Institute, Vienna, Austria
  • SS 18 71 20 [1998]: Biofuels and peat – Fuel pellet – Classification. Swedish Standards Institute. Stockholm, Sweden.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-1275c464-36b5-46b8-abce-a01e24e09228
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