Ice conditions affecting passage of Polish vessels convoy though the NSR in 1956. Long-term ice forecasts and passage strategies

• Autorzy: Pastusiak T.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12716/1001.12.01.11

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The goal of the study was to examine ice cover conditions that accompanied the passage of convoy of seven Polish vessels from Europe to the Far East in year 1956, which initiated an international commercial shipping transit. Several different sources of information on the state of ice cover in the Arctic were used in this study. Ice conditions (decisive for ability of a merchant vessel or icebreaker to cross the route) during the following navigational seasons in most of the NSR areas showed extremely divergent results - from the most favorable to the most difficult and vice versa. Existing in years 1940-1957 ice cover conditions and shipbuilding technologies did not guarantee a successful transit passage in one navigation season. The Soviet Union used icebreakers that were not able to lead vessels in heavy ice conditions that occurred in 1950s. The NSR Administration used passive strategy ? waiting for improvement of ice conditions - instead of forcing heavy ice. Passive strategy of navigation through the NSR included wintering and continuation of passage next year when ice conditions improved. Annual variability of ice conditions approximated by third degree polynomial line showed trends well. However, the high annual anomalies of ice conditions in relation to trend line did not allow for effective forecasts on particular sections of the NSR in next navigation season.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

arctic shipping; ice conditions; Northern Sea Route (NSR); ice forecast; history of navigation; passage startegies; Polish vessels convoy; ESIMO

• Wydawca: Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University
• Czasopismo: TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: Vol. 12, no. 1
• Strony: 101--106
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 7 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Pastusiak T.

• Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1 Adamczyk K., Drzemczewski J., Huras B., 2012. Polish Ocean Lines, Fleet Album 1951-2011 [in Polish] Polskie Linie Oceaniczne, Album floty 1951-2011, 2nd Edition, PORTA MARE Pomorska Oficyna Wydawniczo-Reklamowa:440 p.
• 2 Arikaynen A.I. (1990) Navigation in the Arctic ice. [in Russian] (Судоходство во льдах Арктики). Moscow, Transport:247 p.
• 3 Armstrong T., 1952, soft cover edition 2011, The Northern Sea Route, Soviet exploitation of the North East Passage, Cambridge:166 p.
• 4 Central Intelligence Agency, 1959. Significant activities on the Northern Sea Route 1954-1958, Top secret, Dissemination authorised 1999. CIA:45.
• 5 Falba T., 2011, Two days to happiness [in Polish] Dwie doby do szczęścia, accessed 03.03.2014, http://www.portalmorski.pl/inne/morze-tajemnic/31611-dwiedoby?tmpl=component&pri:5 p.
• 6 Gogol K., Huras B., 2014. Polish Steamship Company, Fleet Album 1951-2014 [in Polish] Polska Żegluga Morska, Album floty 1951-2014, PORTA MARE Pomorska Oficyna Wydawniczo-Reklamowa:536 p.
• 7 Starkov V.F., 2001, Essays on the history of Arctic exploration, The Russia and North Eastern Passage, Part 2. [in Russian] Очерки истории освоения Арктики Arktiki, Том 2, Россия и Северо-восточный проход, Naucnyy Mir:114

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).