Water Quality and Radionuclides Content Assessment of the Al-Najaf Sea: Case Study

• Autorzy: Zwain Haider M. , Almurshedi Kareem Radhi , Vakili Mohammadtaghi , Dahlan Irvan , Naje Ahmed Samir

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12911/22998993/131183

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The Al-Najaf state is witnessing an increased economic development and attracting more investments that require the development of new areas and exploring new water resources. This study evaluates the quality of 12 surface water samples and groundwater from 12 wells for irrigation according to the salinity and sodicity hazards based on electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). In addition, the concentrations of radionuclides, which include Thorium (²³²Th), Uranium (²³⁸U), Potassium (⁴⁰K) and Cesium (¹³⁷Cs) were tested in four soil samples in the study area. It was found that the average values of pH, total hardness, Na, Ca, Mg, K, Cl, SO₄, NO₃ for groundwater and surface water were 8 and 6, 2287 and 4006 mg/L, 1140 and 1232 mg/L, 378 and 637 mg/L, 327 and 587 mg/L, 2 and 2 mg/L, 989 and 2007 mg/L, 1149 and 1325 mg/L, as well as 2 and 2 mg/L, respectively. From salinity and sodicity hazards analysis, the groundwater had EC of 5242 µS/cm and SAR of 61, whereas surface water had EC of 6253 µS/cm and SAR of 50. Furthermore, the concentrations of radionuclides, i.e. ²³²Th, ²³⁸U, ⁴⁰K and ¹³⁷Cs in the soil samples were found to be 11.02, 34.12, 544.45, and 1.6 Bq/kg, respectively. The concentrations of radionuclides were within the worldwide baseline, expect for ⁴⁰K. The study concluded that both water sources are classified as very high salinity and sodium water (class C4-S4), and it cannot be used for irrigation, only suitable for the salt tolerant crops.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

irrigation water; water quality assessment; salinity; sodicity; radionuclide; Al-Najaf Sea

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Journal of Ecological Engineering
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: Vol. 22, nr 2
• Strony: 262--271
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 20 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Zwain Haider M.

• College of Water Recourses Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province, Babylon, Iraq
• Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khodh, 123 Muscat, Oman

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4995-2697

autor

Almurshedi Kareem Radhi

• College of Water Recourses Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province, Babylon, Iraq

autor

Vakili Mohammadtaghi

• Green Intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China

autor

Dahlan Irvan

• School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
• Solid Waste Management Cluster, Science and Engineering Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

autor

Naje Ahmed Samir

• College of Water Recourses Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province, Babylon, Iraq

Bibliografia

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• 2. Abojassim, A.A., Mohammed, H.A.-U., Najam, L.A. & El-Taher, A. 2019. Uranium isotopes concentrations in surface water samples for Al-Manathera and Al-Heerra regions of An-Najaf, Iraq. Environmental Earth Sciences, 78(5), 132.
• 3. Ahmed, R.S., Mohammed, R.S. & Abdaljalil, R.O. 2018. The Activity Concentrations and Radium Equivalent Activity in Soil Samples Collected from the Eastern Part of Basrah Governorate in Southern Iraq. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2018, 2541020.
• 4. Al-Gazaly, H.H., Al-Ulum, M.A.B., Al-Hamidawi, A.A. & Al-Abbasi, A.M. 2014. Natural radioactivity in soil at regions around the uranium mine in AbuSkhair Najaf Province, Iraq. Advances in Applied Science Research, 5(1), 13–17.
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• 14. Shaker M. Al-Jobori, Ali A. Fahad Al-Taii, Farid M. Mohammed & Abass, M.R. 2013. Natural and Contaminated Radioactive Isotopes in Soils of Salah Aldeen, Iraq. Dirasat, 39(1), 98–107.
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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).