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Wpływ zmian użytkowania zlewni wyżynnej na kształtowanie jakości wody powierzchniowej

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Warianty tytułu
EN
Effect of Change of Small Upland Catchment Use on Surface Water Quality Course
Języki publikacji
PL
Abstrakty
EN
The aim of the paper was an assessment of the change in the structure of small upland catchment use on quality parameters of water flowing away from its area. The objective was realized through analysis of values and concentrations of selected water physicochemical indices, which were obtained by systematic research conducted during two periods, when the catchment use changed significantly. The research was conducted in the Rzyki G catchment situated in the Beskid Mały Mountains area, in the village of Rzyki, in the western part of the Malopolska Region. It is the basic catchment of the Wieprzówka river, which flows into the Skawa River in its lower course. The catchment, of 47.50 ha and mean width of 0.525 km, has a slightly elongated, compact shape and clearly formed valley, through which the only watercourse, 0.575 km long Rzyki G is flowing. Mean weighed height of the area is 425 m a.s.l, whereas an average land slope is 12.2%. The catchment is covered by relatively shallow, skeletal and strongly acid dystrophic brown soils, which are characterized by a considerable compactness, high capillary capacity and poor permeability. Rzyki G catchment is of a typically agricultural character. In 1995–1996 the arable lands, covering 68.7% of the total area, prevailed in the structure of agricultural lands. Forests with plantings and grasslands constituted respectively 8.4 and 16.2% of the area. Non-agricultural land occurred sporadically (2.4%), whereas 4.3% of the area was used as built-up area. 15 years later (the period of 2010–2011) the arable land acreage diminished by 46.6%, whereas the share of permanent turf covered area, including grasslands, increased by 29.4%. Also the catchment afforestation rate grew slightly, as well as the built-up area, respectively by 2.7 and 1.7%. Hydrochemical analyses were conducted in the years 1995–1996 and 2010–2011. Water samples were collected from the Rzyki G watercourse between once and four times a month. pH was measured on-site, whereas the concentrations of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, phosphates, sulphates, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorides and iron were assessed in laboratory by means of reference methods. The empirical data base was analysed statistically using selected descriptive statistics and non-parametrical U Mann- Whitney’s significance test. Water quality was determined on the basis of the domestic executive act, in compliance with 2000/60/WE Directive of the European Parliament and council dated 23 October,2000. Apart from hydrochemical analyses, a detailed inventory of the area was conducted during both periods of investigations. Using cartographic materials and GIS tools, the current state of use and physiographic characteristics of the catchment were developed. On the basis of the data analysis it was found that in result of the change in the catchment area use, from arable lands to permanent turf-covered areas, concentrations of most of the analyzed chemical indices of water in the Rzyki G watercourse, i.e. biogenic substances (N-NH4+, N-NO3-, PO43-), as well as sulphates and iron decreased significantly. Mean values of the indices allowed to classify the water in both periods to I class of the ecological state, however in single water samples from 1995–1996 period, the values of ammonium nitrogen and phosphate concentrations classified water to the state below good, whereas in case of nitrate nitrogen to II class. Fulfillment of the requirements stated by the Framework Water Directive concerning the achieving and maintenance of good water quality will require a new approach to shaping the agricultural space, including the changes in the way of management and use of strongly sculptured catchments. Obtained research results confirm the advantageous effect of turf covered area on water quality and therefore the advisability of using ecotones along watercourses and water reservoirs as biogeochemical barriers limiting migration of fertilizer components from agricultural areas to surface waters.
Rocznik
Strony
223--238
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 18 poz., tab., rys.
Twórcy
autor
  • Uniwersytet Rolniczy, Kraków
autor
  • Uniwersytet Rolniczy, Kraków
autor
  • Uniwersytet Rolniczy, Kraków
  • Uniwersytet Rolniczy, Kraków
Bibliografia
  • 1. Bajkiewicz-Grabowska E.: Obieg materii w systemach rzecznojeziornych. Warszawa. Wydaw. UW, 274, 2002.
  • 2. Balcerzak W.P., Rybicki S.M.: Ocena stopnia zagrożenia wody eutrofizacją na przykładzie zbiornika zaporowego w Świnnej Porębie. Ochrona Środowiska, 33, 4, 67–69 (2011).
  • 3. Bogdał A. Ostrowski K.: Wpływ rolniczego użytkowania zlewni podgórskiej i opadów atmosferycznych na jakość wód odpływających z jej obszaru. Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie, Wyd. Falenty, Tom 7, 2a (20), 59–69 (2007).
  • 4. Kanownik W.: Impact of mountainous areas management system upon biogenes content in surface waters. EJPAU. No 8(2) #11, 2005.
  • 5. Kanownik W., Kowalik T., Bogdał A., Ostrowski K.: Quality categories of stream waters included in the small retention programme in the Malopolska province. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 22 (1). 159–165 (2013).
  • 6. Kanownik W., Rajda W.: Samooczyszczanie wody potoku Pychowickiego. Zesz. Prob. Post. Nauk Rol. 561. 81–91 (2011).
  • 7. Kotusz J., Kusznierz J., Popiołek M., Witkowski A.: Ichtiofauna systemu rzecznego Nysy Kłodzkiej. Roczniki Naukowe PZW (Rocz. Nauk. PZW), Scientific Annual of the Polish Angling Association, t. 22, 5–58 (2009).
  • 8. Kowalik T., Bogdał A., Kanownik W., Ostrowski K., Rajda W.: Quality and functional values of waters flowing away from catchments of planned small storage reservoirs in the Beskid Makowski and Żywiecki Mts. Monografia. Wyd. UR Kraków, 94, 2010.
  • 9. Kupiec J.: Porównanie wyników bilansu fosforu w aspekcie monitorowania zanieczyszczeń ze źródeł rolniczych. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska, Tom 12, 785–804 (2010).
  • 10. Ostrowski K., Bogdał A., Rajda W.: Wpływ użytkowania wybranych mikrozlewni Pogórza Wielickiego na zawartość i sezonową zmienność cech fizyko-chemicznych w wodach odpływających. Zesz. Nauk. AR Kraków, 420, Inż. Środ. 26, 9–19 (2005).
  • 11. Podedworna M., Marciniewicz M.: Eutrofizacja wód. Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna, 7–8, 275–278 (2004).
  • 12. Policht-Latawiec A., Kapica A.: Influence of Hard Coal Mine on Water Quality in the Vistula River. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska (Annual Set The Environment Protection) 15, 2640–2651 (2013).
  • 13. Rogers P.: Hydrology and Water Quality. Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: A global perspective, Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. 1994.
  • 14. Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska z dnia 09 listopada 2011 roku w sprawie klasyfikacji stanu ekologicznego, potencjału ekologicznego i stanu chemicznego jednolitych części wód powierzchniowych. Dz. U. Nr 257, poz. 1545.
  • 15. Sarna S., Jarząbek A.: Impact of agricultural utilization of river catchment basins on the surface water quality in the region of the Pogórze Wielickie (Southern Poland). Proc. 8th Polish and 1st International Scientific- Technological Conference. Water Quality and Water Resources Protection, "Principles of the Rational Water Management", Zakopane- Kościelisko, 93–100 (1998).
  • 16. Smoroń S.: Eutrophication of surface water as an influence of biogenic compounds penetration from the agriculture sources to the Environmental. Zesz. Eduk. IMUZ, 5, 57–70 (1998).
  • 17. Sobczyński T., Joniak T.: The variability and stability if water chemistry in a deep temperate lake: results of long-term study of eutrophication. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 22, 1, 227–237 (2013).
  • 18. Zydroń A., Hausa P.: Analiza zmian struktury władania i użytkowania gruntów po transformacji ustrojowej w Polsce na przykładzie wybranych gmin Wielkopolski. Rocznik Ochrony Środowiska. (Annual Set The Environment Protection), 12, 909–925 (2010).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-11583c9c-8d88-4f1b-9589-ff3bbf723985
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