Tytuł artykułu
Treść / Zawartość
Pełne teksty:
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Both the light- and heavy-duty sectors of the automotive industry are currently under unprecedented pressure from a wide range of factors, particularly in terms of environmental performance and fuel consumption. Test procedures have undergone massive changes and continue to evolve, meaning that standards are becoming much harder to meet, especially in Europe but also in other continents. Such developments force changes in testing methodology, the development of powertrains themselves and their aftertreatment systems and strategies and calibrations. This paper reports and summarises the topics of the PTNSS Congress and attempts a synthesis on the current status of the field of LD ad HD IC engines, hybrid powertrains and electric vehicles, engine fuel and oil and what the coming years may hold for the automotive and fuel industries and other allied fields.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
57--71
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 62 poz., il. kolor., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- FSAE - Scientific Secretary, BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd in Bielsko-Biala, Poland
autor
- Exhaust Emission Laboratory, BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd in Bielsko-Biała, Poland
autor
- Emerging Technologies, Corning Incorporated, USA
Bibliografia
- [1] BP Energy Outlook, 2020 edition. https://www.bp.com/
- [2] NEUGEBAUER, S. Technological scenarios for the decarbonization of road transport. In “Connectivity-Key to future emission and consumption reduction? Proceedings of the Vehicle and Powertrain” 30th International AVL Conference “Engine & Environment”, Graz, Austria, 7-8 June 2018.
- [3] CUI, H., HALL, D., LUTSEY, N. Update on the Global Transition to Electric Vehicles Through 2019. ICCT. Washington, DC, USA, 2020.
- [4] ABE, S. The future direction of the electrified vehicle - utilizing of big data. Proceedings “Connectivity - The key to future emission and consumption reduction? In: Vehicle and Powertrain” 30th International AVL Conference “Engine & Environment”, Graz, Austria, 7-8 June 2018.
- [5] SUAREZ-BERTOA, R. Preparing new European emission standards post-Euro 6, 3rd China-EU Workshop on Emissions Standards and Regulations. Xi’an, China, October 9-11, 2019.
- [6] EUROPEAN COURT OF AUDITORS. Air pollution: Our health still insufficiently protected. Special Report EN No 23/2018. EU Publications Office. Luxembourg 2018.
- [7] WINKLER, S.L., ANDERSON, J.E., GARZA, L. et al. Vehicle criteria pollutant (PM, NOx, CO, HCs) emissions: how low should we go? Climate and Atmospheric Science. 2018, 1, 26. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-018-0037-5
- [8] VEHICLE EMISSIONS CONTROL CENTRE (CHINA). Real Driving Emissions (RDE) Technical Specification & Test Study of Light-duty Vehicle in China. 3rd China-EU Workshop on Emissions Standards and Regulations. Xi’an, China, October 9-11, 2019.
- [9] RODRIGUEZ, F. Post-Euro 6/VI standards: An opportunity for international harmonization. 3rd China-EU Workshop on Emissions Standards and Regulations. Xi’an, China, October 9-11, 2019.
- [10] MERKISZ, J., PIELECHA, J., BIELACZYC, P. et al. Analysis of emission factors in RDE tests as well as in NEDC and WLTC chassis dynamometer tests. SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0980, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0980
- [11] GIECHASKIEL, B., LAHDE, T., SUAREZ-BERTOA, R. et al. Particle number measurements in the European legislation and future JRC activities. Combustion Engines. 2018, 174(3), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-2018-301
- [12] BIELACZYC, P. Particulate number (PN) & gaseous emissions in the EU automotive emissions context. Expert Panel Discussion EU/China Emissions Regulations. SAE 2019 WCX World Congress. Detroit, MI, USA.
- [13] GIECHASKIEL, B., LAHDE, T., CLAIROTTE, M. et al. Post Euro 6/VI activities focusing on particle number. SAE 2019 WCX World Congress. Detroit, MI, USA. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26039.37286
- [14] GIECHASKIEL, B., MAMAKOS, A., WOODBURN, J. et al. Evaluation of a 10 nm Particle Number Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). Sensors. 2019, 19, 5531. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19245531
- [15] BIELACZYC, P. Global development of emissions reduction strategies from light-duty vehicles. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019, 214, 012139, IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/214/1/0121
- [16] BIELACZYC, P., WOODBURN, J., Current directions in LD powertrain technology in response to stringent exhaust emissions and fuel efficiency requirements. Combustion Engines. 2016, 166(3), 62-75. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-2016-341.
- [17] MCKINSEY & COMPANY. The future of mobility is at our doorstep. Compendium. 2019/2020.
- [18] BIELACZYC, P., WOODBURN, J. Powertrain development for low-to-zero emissions and efficient energy usage - the Industry Session held during 5th PTNSS Congress on Combustion Engines. Combustion Engines. 2013, 155(4), 75-79.
- [19] BIELACZYC, P., WOODBURN, J., GANDYK, M. Trends in automotive emissions, fuels, lubricants, legislation and test methods - a global view, with a focus on the EU & US - Summary of the 5th International Exhaust Emissions Symposium (IEES). Combustion Engines. 2016, 166(3), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-2016-342
- [20] BIELACZYC, P., WOODBURN, J. Trends in automotive emission legislation: impact on LD engine development, fuels, lubricants and test methods: a global view, with a focus on WLTP and RDE regulations. Emissions Control Science Technology. 2019, 5(1), 86-98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40825-019-0112-3
- [21] HILL, L. Global trends in emissions legislation. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [22] BIELACZYC, P., KLIMKIEWICZ, D., WOODBURN, J. et al. Exhaust emission testing methods - BOSMAL’s legislative and development emission testing laboratories. Combustion Engines. 2019, 178(3), 88-98. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-2019-316
- [23] PAJDOWSKI, P., WOODBURN, J., BIELACZYC, P. et al. Development of RDE test methodology in light of Euro 6d emissions limits. Combustion Engines. 2019, 178(3), 274-282. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-2019-348
- [24] BIELACZYC, P. Global trends in vehicular emissions regulations, current “hot topics” and their impact on powertrain technology - introduction to the subject. VIII International PTNSS Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [25] VALVERDE-MORALES, V. Overview of the light-duty vehicles tailpipe emissions regulations in the European Union: status and upcoming type-approval and market surveillance schema. Combustion Engines. 2020, 180(1), 3-7. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-2020-101
- [26] JOSHI, A. Review of vehicle engine efficiency and emissions. SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility. 2019, 1(2), 734-761. https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0314
- [27] JOSHI, A. Overview of technologies for near-zero tailpipe emissions from light- and heavy-duty vehicles. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [28] MERKISZ, J. Development trends in road transport power-trains. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [29] FRIEDL, H., FRAIDL, G., KAPUS, P. Highest efficiency and ultra-low emission - internal combustion engine 4.0. Combustion Engines. 2020, 180(1), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-2020-102
- [30] ENGELJEHRINGER, K. LD vehicle emission challenge from legislation to testbed. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [31] MASON, A., ROBERTS, P., WHELAN, S. et al. RDE plus - a road to rig development methodology for complete RDE compliance: road to chassis perspective. SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility. 2020, 2(3), 1361-1381. https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0378.
- [32] WHELAN, S., ROBERTS, P. Meeting the demands of future powertrain test & development with an integrated RDE+ road-to-rig approach. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [33] ALONSO BAEZ, M. Investigation of the mechanism of the soot in oil contamination: overtaking the limits of the combustion. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [34] ROLANDO, L., ZANELLI, A., MILLO, F. Potential of electric supercharging for performance and fuel economy enhancement of passenger car gasoline engines. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [35] PERUJO, A., BONNEL, P., GIORIA, R. et al. Large and small engines: overview of the heavy-duty vehicles and non-road mobile machinery tailpipe emissions regulations in the EU. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [36] AOYAGI, Y. Measurement of flame temperature and soot amount for effective NOx and PM reduction in a heavy-duty diesel engine. Combustion Engines. 2019, 179(4), 32-39. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-2019-405
- [37] AOYAGI, Y. Effective NOx and PM reduction by means of flame temperature measurement in a single cylinder diesel engine. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [38] NAKASHIMA, K., UCHIYAMA, Y. Experimental development of apparatus to measure piston assembly friction in an eco-mileage vehicle engine. Combustion Engines. 2019, 177(2), 55-59. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-2019-210
- [39] GOLINI, S. NG engines as a means for an increasingly sustainable powertrain. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [40] KINNUNEN, T. Engine-integrated off-road stage-V after-treatment system. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [41] DEPPE, J. Turnkey „Inspex” systems for industries to quantify optically spray & combustion phenomena and to analyze material characteristics by DIC. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [42] KOLODZIEJ, C., ROCKSTROH, T., HOTH, A. et al. Gasoline composition effects on knocking characteristics between the CFR RON test engine and a modern GDI engine. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [43] CORDEIRO DE MELO, T., GOMES, H.O., MOREIRA, M.F. et al. Influence of biodiesel blends on the emissions of different engine technologies. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [44] PERA, C. How engine technology and fuel proprieties can be optimised thanks to CFD. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [45] LI, H., WU, Y., ANDREWS, G. Combustion and emissions of alternative fuels in a diesel engine. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [46] KROYAN, Y., WOJCIESZYK, M., LARMI, M. et al. Modeling the effect of fuel properties on end-use engine performance. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [47] BERRY, M., MILLER, D. The democratization of vehicle emissions testing. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [48] WANG, X. RDE regulation and practice in China. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [49] THOMAS, D., LI, H., WANG, X. et al. Tailpipe exhaust particle size distribution from a hybrid car. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [50] JASKIERNIK, M., BUCZEK, K., WALKOWIAK, J. Simulation of the oil supply through the connecting rod to the piston cooling channels in medium speed engines. Combustion Engines. 2020, 180(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.19206/CE-2020-104
- [51] BUSTIN, L. Variable partial flow dilution and conditioning system for TSI engine exhaust particle sizer. The VIII PTNSS International Congress on Combustion Engines. 17-19 June 2019, Krakow, Poland.
- [52] PALENCIA, J.C.G., NGUYEN, V.T., ARAKI, M. et al. The role of powertrain electrification in achieving deep decarbonization in road freight transport. Energies. 2020, 13, 2459. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102459
- [53] PIELECHA, J., MERKISZ, J., BIELACZYC, P. et al. Gaseous emissions from a hybrid vehicle and a non-hybrid vehicle measured under real driving conditions via PEMS. FISI-TA Technical Paper F2018/F2018-PTE-266.
- [54] ZHUANG, W., LI (EBEN), S., ZHANG, X. et al. A survey of powertrain configuration studies on hybrid electric vehicles. Applied Energy. 2020, 262, 114553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114553
- [55] HALL, D., WAPPELHORST, S., MOCK, P. et al. European Electric Vehicle Fact Book 2019/2020. ICCT. Washington, USA 2020.
- [56] BIELACZYC, P. Global trends in electrified powertrains - challenges. in testing methods. Polish Conference on Hydrogen Energy and Technology (PCHET 2020). 22-23.09.2020, Cluster of Hydrogen Technologies, Gdansk, Poland.
- [57] LI, Z., KHAJEPOUR, A., SONG, J. A comprehensive review of the key technologies for pure electric vehicles. Energy. 2019, 182, 824-839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.077.
- [58] GÓMEZ VILCHEZ, J.J., JOCHEM, P. Powertrain technologies and their impact on greenhouse gas emissions in key car markets. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2020, 80, 102214, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.102214
- [59] SMALLBONE, A., JIA, B., ATKINS, P. et al. The impact of disruptive powertrain technologies on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from heavy-duty vehicles. Energy Conversion and Management. 2020, 6, 100030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2020.100030
- [60] KOERFER, T. Hybridized diesel powertrains for LCV applications to meet the Stringent 2025 standards for pollutant- and CO2-emissions. SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-2252. 2020. https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2252
- [61] DZIDA, J., BIELACZYC, P., BRZEŻAŃSKI, M. The variation of functional characteristics of a Euro VI selective catalytic reduction reactor after ageing. SAE Technical Paper 2020-01-2205. 2020. https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-2205
- [62] JOSHI, A. Review of vehicle engine efficiency and emissions. SAE International Journal of Advances and Current Practices in Mobility. 2020, 2(5), 2479-2507. https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0352.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-11493ec5-0eb4-476e-b40e-4be91e647a8c