Metody określania struktury polisacharydów

Samaszko-Fiertek, J.; Kuźma, M.; Dmochowska, B.; Ślusarz, R.; Madaj, J.

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Tytuł artykułu

Metody określania struktury polisacharydów

Autorzy

Samaszko-Fiertek J. , Kuźma M. , Dmochowska B. , Ślusarz R. , Madaj J.

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Warianty tytułu

Methods for determining polysaccharides structure

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Sequencing of polysaccharides is difficult to achieve because of the heterogeneous nature of the polysaccharide structure, high molecular weight (the size of a polysaccharide varies between approximately 16,000 and 16,000,000 daltons (Da)), and polydispersity of the polymer chains. The following information is essential to determine the primary structure of a polysaccharide: • monosaccharide composition: nature and molar ratios of the monosaccharide building blocks; • relative configuration of monosaccharides: d or l; • anomeric configuration: α- or β-configuration of the glycosidic linkage; • ring size: presence and distinction of furanosidic and pyranosidic rings; • linkage patterns: linkage positions between the monosugars and branches; • sequences of monosaccharide residues in the repeating units; • substitutions: position and nature of OH–modifications, such as O–phosphorylation, acetylation, O-sulfation, etc.; • molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. A polysaccharide extracted from plant materials or food products is usually purified before being subjected to structural analysis. The first step of characterizing a polysaccharide is the determination of its purity, which is reflected by its chemical composition, including total sugar content, level of uronic acids, proteins, ash, and moisture of the preparation. The second step is the determination of monosaccharide composition, which will unveil structural information such as the number of monosaccharides present in the polysaccharide and how many of each sugar unit. NMR spectroscopy has become the most powerful and noninvasive physicochemical technique for determining polysaccharide structures. It can provide detailed structural information of carbohydrates, including identification of monosaccharide composition, elucidation of α- or β-anomeric configurations, establishment of linkage patterns, and sequences of the sugar units in oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides. Monosaccharide composition can be determined also by analysis of totally acid hydrolyzed polysacharide using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC). The ring size and glycosidic linkage positions of sugar units in a polysaccharide could be established by methylation analysis and/or cleavage reduction. The anomeric configuration is conventionally determined by oxidation, and this method can be combined with mass spectrometry to obtain more structural information.

Słowa kluczowe

polisacharydy monosacharydy degradacja oksydacyjna analiza metylacyjna acetoliza NMR magnetyczny rezonans jądrowy MS

polysaccharides monosaccharides oxidative degradation methylation analysis acetolysis NMR nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) MS

Wydawca

Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne

Czasopismo

Wiadomości Chemiczne

Rocznik

2016

Tom

[Z] 70, 5-6

Strony

299--318

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 59 poz., rys., schem.

Twórcy

autor

Samaszko-Fiertek J.

Wydział Chemii Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk

autor

Kuźma M.

Wydział Chemii Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk

autor

Dmochowska B.

Wydział Chemii Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk

autor

Ślusarz R.

Wydział Chemii Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk

autor

Madaj J.

janusz.madaj@ug.edu.pl

Wydział Chemii Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk

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Uwagi

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-0eae4379-c44d-4e3e-abbc-dc2b8fca6a0c