Polityka bezpieczeństwa USA wobec Bliskiego i Środkowego Wschodu

• Autorzy: Rokicka D.

Warianty tytułu

EN

USA security policy towards the Middle East

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

After the end of World War II and the division of the world into two blocks, a great importance was attached to the Middle East in the American foreign policy. The rivalry for the influence in this essential from a strategic point of view region began between the blocks. The creation of the Israeli State, an American bridgehead in this region, exerted a great influence on American policy towards this region. Since that time the politics of Washington “has split into two". Oil companies took over the responsibility for economic influences in this region. The US, however, took responsibility for its policy towards Israel. Nevertheless, when the need arose, the US administration interfered in the politics of the Arabic countries, for instance Iran, Libya and Saudi Arabia. Nonetheless, the situation changed after the subsequent Israeli - Arabic war waged in 1973, when the Arabic states decided to take advantage of their oil weapon towards countries supporting Israel. They drastically limited oil production what resulted in a rapid growth of oil prices on the world markets and consequently an economic crisis. It was decided in Washington that the United States should play a greater role and take over the initiative from oil companies, which as a result of OPEC activities became more and more dependent on them. Moreover, these companies started to be used for fighting with the West. In order to solve this uncomfortable for Washington situation, it was decided to resolve the Middle East conflict. The first step was to sign the Camp David treaties between Israel and Egypt that commenced the war between these countries. However, the events of 1982, namely the Israeli intervention in Lebanon and consequently the long occupation of the Lebanese south by the Israeli forces, which pulled out in 2000, complicated the way to solve the conflict. The Iraqi - Iranian war, when the Americans inconsiderately supported either one or the other side, was underway at that time. The undoubtedly essential event was the Russian intervention in Afghanistan, which finished with Moscow's defeat in 1989, and the Gulf War in 1991. Also Bill Clinton’s efforts and the conferences organised by his administration, e.g. in Madrid in 1991, failed to resolve the Middle East conflict. Furthermore, the accords with Palestine were signed in 1993. However, the uncompromising policy of Israel does not favour the resolution of the Palestinian issues, which are a point of honour for the Arabic countries and an excuse for terrorists to organise assaults. But the problem does not only concern the acts of terror in Israeli towns, but the United States itself that paid the price for implicitly supporting Israel on September 11, 2001. After the 9.11 events, the United States once again changed its policy towards the Middle East. On the one hand, it decided to fight terror and particular countries that support terrorism, on the other, to strengthen the relations with such states as Pakistan, Uzbekistan and Kuwait. In order not to cause Saudi Arabia difficulties, the US withdrew its bases from this country. However, it left its military advisors. In order to ensure support for the Saudi monarchy and not to allow Saddam Hussain to get hold of weapons of mass destruction, the US conducted an armed intervention in Iraq, the second stage of war on terror after Afghanistan.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

polityka bezpieczeństwa; Bliski Wschód; USA; Afryka Północna

EN

security policy; Middle East; USA; North Africa

• Wydawca: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe AON
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: nr 3(56)
• Strony: 83--96

Twórcy

autor

Rokicka D.