Using statistical analysis and pollution indices to characterize metal pollution in volcanic and calcareous soils in semi-arid regions

Nadem, Samir; Barakat, Ahmed; El Baghdadi, Mohamed; Hilali, Abdessamad; Bouras, El Houssaine; Mosaid, Hassan; El Garnaoui, Mohamed

doi:10.12912/27197050/199517

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Tytuł artykułu

Using statistical analysis and pollution indices to characterize metal pollution in volcanic and calcareous soils in semi-arid regions

Autorzy

Nadem Samir , Barakat Ahmed , El Baghdadi Mohamed , Hilali Abdessamad , Bouras El Houssaine , Mosaid Hassan , El Garnaoui Mohamed

Treść / Zawartość

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12912/27197050/199517

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

The main objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metal contamination in volcanic and calcareous soils within Morocco’s semi-arid regions, focusing on the relationship between unique soil types and contamination dynamics. Using geographic information systems (GIS), statistical analyses, and several pollution indices, including the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI), the research integrates physical and chemical properties to uncover the interactions driving contamination. A total of 64 soil samples from volcanic and calcareous origins, collected at a depth of 20 cm, were analyzed for properties such as organic matter, calcium carbonates CaCO₃, pH, electrical conductivity, and texture, and four heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Fe). Findings reveal distinct contamination patterns: calcareous soils had elevated pH, high CaCO₃ levels, and moderate salinity, whereas volcanic soils were more acidic, with higher organic matter content and lower salinity. The contamination indices revealed that all soil samples exhibited some level of contamination, with Zn and Fe concentrations in volcanic soils showing moderate to high pollution levels, while calcareous soils generally displayed lower contamination. The Igeo and CF indices confirmed moderate to high contamination in volcanic soils, particularly for Zn and Fe, whereas calcareous soils showed minimal pollution. The EF analysis indicated slightly higher enrichment for Cu and Zn in calcareous soils than in volcanic soils. The PLI values for both soil types were below 1, suggesting low pollution levels overall. Statistical analyses demonstrated that contamination was shaped by soil characteristics like texture, organic matter, and pH, with anthropogenic sources contributing to heavy metal presence. This study provides new insights into the interaction between soil properties and contamination dynamics in contrasting soil types, revealing that volcanic soils are more prone to heavy metal accumulation due to their physicochemical characteristics. By integrating pollution indices and robust statistical approaches, this work highlights the influence of soil geochemistry on contamination patterns and offers valuable information for informing sustainable land management strategies in vulnerable semi-arid regions.

Słowa kluczowe

heavy metals GIS metallic pollution pollution indices Morocco

Wydawca

Lubelski Oddział Polskiego Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Lublin University of Technology
WNGB Wydawnictwo Naukowe

Czasopismo

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

Rocznik

2025

Tom

Vol. 26, iss. 3

Strony

17--33

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 69 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Nadem Samir

s.nadem@usms.ma

Geomatics, Georesources and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, 23000 Béni Mellal, Morocco

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2300-1932

autor

Barakat Ahmed

Geomatics, Georesources and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, 23000 Béni Mellal, Morocco

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-6157

autor

El Baghdadi Mohamed

Geomatics, Georesources and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, 23000 Béni Mellal, Morocco

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7654-5344+

autor

Hilali Abdessamad

Regional Centre of Agricultural Research of Tadla, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP 415 Rabat Principal, 10090, Rabat, Morocco

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1715-3391

autor

Bouras El Houssaine

Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
Center for Remote Sensing Applications (CRSA), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-6644

autor

Mosaid Hassan

Geomatics, Georesources and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, 23000 Béni Mellal, Morocco

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9254-7415

autor

El Garnaoui Mohamed

Data4Earth Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Béni Mellal, Morocco

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8151-3876

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