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Purpose: The spectrum is scarce recourses, so it is very important to allocate it in a way to maximize the economic and social returns to the countries` economies. Economists agree that the best way to allocate rare resources are auctions. Despite their good properties, in some environments, they can create inefficiency. We describe some potential sources of inefficiency in spectrum auctions and some negative effects of inefficient spectrum allocation. We also discuss how the government through appropriate spectrum policy and auction designing can promote efficient spectrum allocation. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is based on the literature on the spectrum auction and public documents published by national spectrum authorities. Theoretical discussions are supported by case studies of real world spectrum auctions. Much attention has been paid to the case of the Polish 4G auction. Findings: Extremely high reserve prices or rigorous approach to promoting entry could lead to price distortions, misallocation or even unsold spectrum which harm both competition and consumers. The case of the Polish 4G auction confirms that gaps in the detailed auction rules may lead to significant delays in frequency allocation and increase the risk of an ineffective auction outcome. Practical implications: In the light of our findings, it is important that the rules of the auction in the 3.6 GHz band currently planned in Poland should allow the regulator to control the pace of the auction and take into account the risk of inefficient outcome associated with passive bids. Originality/value: The discussions made in this paper could help policy makers in Poland and other countries in spectrum auction designing.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
115--130
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 27 poz.
Twórcy
autor
- Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska. Faculty of Economic Sciences
Bibliografia
- 1. Australian spectrum auction failure. Available online http://www.coleago.com/australian-spectrum-auction-failure/, 07.10.2020.
- 2. Cave, M., and Webb, W. (2013). Spectrum Limits and Auction Revenue: the European Experience. Retrieved from https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/7520934210.pdf, 12.10.2020.
- 3. Cramton, P. (2013a). Spectrum Auction Design. Review of Industrial Organization, Vol. 42, Iss. 2, 161-190.
- 4. Cramton, P. (2013b). The rationale for spectrum limits and their impact on auction outcomes. Retrieved from http://www.cramton.umd.edu/papers2010-2014/cramton-spectrum-limits-ex-parte.pdf, 2.10.2020.
- 5. Cramton, P., Kwerel, E., Rosston, G. and Skrzypacz, A. (2011). Using spectrum auctions to enhance competition in wireless services. Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 54, 197-188.
- 6. Earle, R. and Sosa, D.W. (2013). Spectrum auctions around the world: An assessment of international experiences with auction restrictions. Analysis Group. Retrieved from https://www.analysisgroup.com/globalassets/insights/publishing/2013_earle_sosa_spectrumauctionsworldwide.pdf, 20.09.2020.
- 7. Eylert, B. (2002). The Mobile Multimedia Business. Requirements and Solutions. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
- 8. GSMA, Coleago Consulting (2014). The Cost of Spectrum Auction Distortions. Review of spectrum auction policies and economic assessment of the impact of inefficient outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.gsma.com/spectrum/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/The-Cost-of-Spectrum-Auction-Distortions.-GSMA-Coleago-report.-Nov14.pdf, 26.04.2020.
- 9. GSMA, Frontier Economic (2015). Benefits of network competition and complementary policies to promote mobile broadband coverage. Retrieved from https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Benefits-of-network-competition-and-complementary-policies-to-promote-mobile-broadband-coverage-Report.pdf, 03.07.2020.
- 10. GSMA (2016). Best practice in mobile spectrum licensing. Retrieved from https://www.gsma.com/spectrum/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/spec_best_practice_ ENG.pdf, 5.09.2020.
- 11. Hazlett, T., Munoz, R.E., and Avanzini, D.B. (2012). What Really Matters in Spectrum Allocation Design. Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property, Vol. 10, Iss. 3, 93-123.
- 12. ISED, Technical, Policy and Licensing Framework for Spectrum in the 600 MHz Band. Retrieved from http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/eng/sf11374.html, 15.10.2020.
- 13. Kuś, A. (2020). Polish experience from first-ever spectrum auction. Telecommunication Policy, Vol. 44 Iss. 7, 1-11.
- 14. Marsden, R., Sexton, E., and Siong, A. (2010). Fixed or flexible? A survey of 2.6 GHz spectrum awards. DotEcon Discussion Paper, Iss. 10/01. Retrieved from https://www.dotecon.com/assets/images/dp1001.pdf, 19.02.2020.
- 15. Maskin, E. (2003). Auctions and Efficiency. In: M. Dewatripont, L. Hansen, and S. Turnovsky (Eds.), Advances in Economic Theory (invited lectures from the 8th World Congress of the Econometric Society) (pp. 1-24). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- 16. Masse, M., Beaudry, P. (2014). The State of Competition in Canada’s Telecommunications Industry. Montreal: Montreal Economic Institute.
- 17. McMillan, J. (1994). Selling Spectrum Rights. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 8, Iss. 3, 145-162.
- 18. Milgrom, P. (2000). Putting auction theory to work: The simultaneous ascending auction. Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 108, Iss. 21, 245-272.
- 19. Mochon, A., Saez, Y. (2017). A Review of Radio Spectrum Combinatorial Clock Auctions. Telecommunications Policy, Vol. 41, Iss. 5-6, 303-324.
- 20. OECD (2001). Spectrum allocation: Auctions and comparative selection procedures. Economic Arguments. Report Working Party on Telecommunication and Information Services Policies DSTI/ICCP/TISP(2000)12/FINAL. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/sti/broadband/27125982.pdf, 18.12.2019.
- 21. Ofcom (2014). Public Sector Spectrum Release (PSSR) – Award of the 2.3 GHz and 3.4 GHz bands – Consultation document. Retrieved from https://www.ofcom.org.uk/ __data/assets/pdf_file/0025/78055/Public_Sector_Spectrum_Release_2-3_and_3-4_ghz_award.pdf, 17.07.2020.
- 22. Ofcom (2017). Award of the 2.3 and 3.4 GHz spectrum band. Competition issues and Auction Regulations. Retrieved from https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/ 0022/103819/Statement-Award-of-the-2.3-and-3.4-GHz-spectrum-bands-Competition-issues-and-auction-regulations.pdf, 17.07.2020.
- 23. Ostrowsky, M. (2019). Comments on the Outcomes and Design Issues in the 2019 Canadian Auction of Spectrum Licenses in the 600 MHz Band. Retrieved from https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/smt-gst.nsf/vwapj/SLPB-002-19-TELUS-Attachment3.pdf/ $FILE/SLPB-002-19-TELUS-Attachment3.pdf, 18.10.2020.
- 24. Rosston, G.L., Steinberg, J.S. (1997). Using Market-Based Spectrum Policy to Promote the Public Interest. Federal Communications Law Journal, Vol. 50, Iss. 1, 87-116.
- 25. Van Damme, E. (2002). The European UMTS-Auctions. European Economic Review, Vol. 46, 846-869.
- 26. Webb, W. (2010). Being Mobile: Future Wireless Technologies and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
- 27. Zehle, S. (2019). Sustainable spectrum pricing. Fostering the deployment of 5G through appropriate spectrum pricing. Retrieved from http://www.coleago.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Sustainable-Spectrum-Pricing-Coleago-June-2019-1.pdf, 18.09.2020.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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