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Charging electric vehicles (EVs) represents an extra and increasing load for the power system. And the higher the charging power is, the more likely it is that serious problems will arise. In addition to home charging, in Hungary - the area of interest in this paper - Level 2 chargers in the streets are currently installed with a maximum charging power of 22 kW. Since the local market share of EVs is low at present and expected to remain relatively low in the years to come, it is essential to see where the limits of the low-voltage distribution grid are in terms of taking the extra EV charging load. This paper presents extensive simulation results taking various EV charging characteristics, arrival statistics, household load variation, and other assumptions into consideration to determine how EV charging will affect the low voltage grid. The stochastic simulations were conducted in DIgSILENT Power Factory augmented with a Python code. Simulation results indicate that an already moderately loaded grid is capable of accommodating EVs at a penetration level of approximately 20%, which can be considered a high value.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
85--91
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 20 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
Bibliografia
- 1. Gyenes, P. (2015) E-mobility Outlook of Hungary, in Engineering and Industry, Trivent Publishing.
- 2. (2015) Energy Research, Development and Innovation in Hungary.
- 3. Tikka, V., Lassila, J., Haakana, J., and Partanen, J. (2011) Case study of the effects of electric vehicle charging on grid loads in an urban area. 2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies.
- 4. Saele, H., and Petersen, I. (2018) Electric vehicles in Norway and the potential for demand response. 2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC).
- 5. Quiros-Tortos, J., Ochoa, L.F., and Lees, B. (2015) A statistical analysis of EV charging behavior in the UK. 2015 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT LATAM).
- 6. Akhavan-Rezai, E., Shaaban, M.F., El-Saadany, E.F., and Zidan, A. (2012) Uncoordinated charging impacts of electric vehicles on electric distribution grids: Normal and fast charging comparison. 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.
- 7. Rutherford, M.J., and Yousefzadeh, V. (2011) The impact of Electric Vehicle battery charging on distribution transformers. 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).
- 8. Onar, O.C., and Khaligh, A. (2010) Grid interactions and stability analysis of distribution power network with high penetration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. 2010 Twenty-Fifth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).
- 9. Li, Y., and Zhang, J. (2015) Research into probabilistic representation of electric vehicle's charging load and its effect to the load characteristics of the network. 2015 5th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT).
- 10. Klayklueng, T., Dechanupaprittha, S., and Kongthong, P. (2015) Analysis of unbalance Plug-in Electric Vehicle home charging in PEA distribution network by stochastic load model. 2015 International Symposium on Smart Electric Distribution Systems and Technologies (EDST).
- 11. Zafred, K., Nieto-Martin, J., and Butans, E. (2016) Electric Vehicles - effects on domestic low voltage networks. 2016 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON).
- 12. Babaei, S., Steen, D., Tuan, L.A., Carlson, O., and Bertling, L. (2010) Effects of Plug-in Electric Vehicles on distribution systems: A real case of Gothenburg. 2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe).
- 13. Tie, C.H., Gan, C.K., and Ibrahim, K.A. (2014) The impact of electric vehicle charging on a residential low voltage distribution network in Malaysia. 2014 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies- Asia (ISGT ASIA).
- 14. Ahmadian, A., Sedghi, M., and Aliakbar-Golkar, M. (2015) Stochastic modeling of Plug-in Electric Vehicles load demand in residential grids considering nonlinear battery charge characteristic. 2015 20th Conference on Electrical Power Distribution Networks Conference (EPDC).
- 15. Mirbagheri, S.M., Bovera, F., Falabretti, D., Moncecchi, M., Delfanti, M., Fiori, M., and Merlo, M. (2018) Monte Carlo Procedure to Evaluate the E-mobility Impact on the Electric Distribution Grid. 2018 International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive.
- 16. Shafiee, S., Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M., and Rastegar, M. (2013) Investigating the Impacts of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles on Power Distribution Systems. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 4 (3), 1351-1360.
- 17. Yeh, Y.-C., and Tsai, M.-S. (2015) Development of a Genetic Algorithm based electric vehicle charging coordination on distribution networks. 2015 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC).
- 18. Smart, J., and Schey, S. (2012) Battery Electric Vehicle Driving and Charging Behavior Observed Early in The EV Project. SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains, 1 (1), 27–33.
- 19. Living with the Renault ZOE EV 3 - My Renault ZOE electric car.
- 20. Electric Vehicle Charging Time Calculator - For All EVs.
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-0d87a46c-150c-437a-b3c4-5542f2708d20