Surprise eggs, the miracle of nature: Almus agates (Tokat – Turki̇ye)

• Autorzy: Başibüyük Zeynel , Gürbüz Meltem , Kaydu Akbudak İlkay

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/gsm.2023.144632

Warianty tytułu

PL

Jaja niespodzianka, cud natury: agaty Almus (Tokat – Turcja)

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Almus agates which are forms of nodules like egg-shaped are located in the Eocene aged Almus volcanics in Tokat (Turkey). These nodules are surprise eggs in spherical or oval form ranging from a few cm to 25-30 cm. It is thought that the most effective reason for the formation of the magnificent texture and color combinations of the agates in the region is the iron element. In thin section studies, agate formations are composed of length-slow zebraic chalcedony and quart zine. In addition, curved fossil like structures composed of iron oxide minerals offer visual richness. The host rock in which the Almus agates are located is trachyte, which consists of sanidine, plagioclase microlites and small opaque minerals, in which microlithic porphyritic and flow (trachytic) texture are observed. As a result of the multipoint eds (field emission scanning electron microscope), it was determined that the quartz is composed of Si, O and Fe. The content of the iron element, which is thought to cause color, was observed in the range of ca 1–1.5 wt.%. According to XRF analysis results, in Almus agates, there is depletion of Fe₂O₃ content in fine crystalline regions (ca 1 wt.%) compared to coarse crystalline zones (ca 1.5 wt.%). In order to determine the usability of Almus agates as gemstone, various cabochon shapes were made in Ümit Ulus Gemstone Processing workshop. It has been observed that these agates can be used for both collection and gemstone purposes due to their unique patterns and color compensation.

PL

Agaty Almus, które mają formę guzków jajowatych i znajdują się w eoceńskich wulkanach Almus w Tokat (Turcja). Te guzki to jaja niespodzianki w kształcie kulistym lub owalnym, o wielkości od kilku do 25-30 cm. Uważa się, że najskuteczniejszym powodem powstawania wspaniałej faktury i kombinacji kolorów agatów w regionie jest pierwiastek żelaza. W badaniach cienkich przekrojów, formacje agatowe składają się z zebrowego chalcedonu i kwarcytu. Ponadto zakrzywione struktury przypominające skamieliny, złożone z minerałów tlenku żelaza, zapewniają wizualne bogactwo. Skała macierzysta, w której znajdują się agaty Almus, to trachit, na który składają się sanidyna, mikrolity plagioklazowe oraz drobne minerały nieprzezroczyste, w których obserwuje się mikrolityczną teksturę porfirytową i przepływową (trachytyczną). W wyniku wielopunktowego EDS (skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego z emisją polową) ustalono, że kwarc składa się z Si, O i Fe. Zaobserwowano zawartość pierwiastka żelaza, o którym sądzi się, że powoduje barwę, w zakresie od około 1 do 1,5% wag. Zgodnie z wynikami analizy XRF, w agatach Almus następuje zmniejszenie zawartości Fe₂O₃ w obszarach drobnokrystalicznych (około 1% wag.) w porównaniu do obszarów gruboziarnistych (około 1,5% wag.). Aby określić przydatność agatów Almus jako kamieni szlachetnych, w pracowni Ümit Ulus Gemstone Processing wykonano różne kształty kaboszonów. Zaobserwowano, że te agaty mogą być używane zarówno do celów kolekcjonerskich, jak i kamieni szlachetnych ze względu na ich unikalne wzory i kompensację kolorów.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

almus agate; gemstone; mineralogy; gemology; geochemistry

PL

agat almus; kamień jubilerski; mineralogia; gemologia; geochemia

• Wydawca: Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN ; Komitet Zrównoważonej Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi PAN
• Czasopismo: Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: T. 39, z. 1
• Strony: 5--22
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 32 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Başibüyük Zeynel

• Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kirşehi̇, Turkey

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2845-148X

autor

Gürbüz Meltem

• Mersin University, School of Technology and Design of Jewelry, Çiftlikköy, Mersi̇,Turkey

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2501-0697

autor

Kaydu Akbudak İlkay

• Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kirşehi̇, Turkey

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0884-5991

Bibliografia

• [1] Akbudak et al. 2017 – Akbudak, İ.K., Başibüyük, Z. and Gürbüz, M. 2017. Mineralogical and gemological examination of Zile silicified woods, Tokat-Turkey (Zile silisleşmiş ağaçlarının mineralojik ve gemolojik incelemesi, Tokat-Türkiye). Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı 70, pp. 136–137 (in Turkish).
• [2] Akbudak et al. 2018 – Akbudak, İ.K., Başıbüyük, Z., Gürbüz, M., Öztüfekçi A.Ö. and İşler F. 2018. Siliceous Gemstone Formations in Yamadağ Volcanics (Arguvan-Malatya): Mineralogical, Geochemical, Gemological (Features and Economic Importance Yamadağ Volkanitleri (Arguvan-Malatya) İçerisinde Silisli Süstaşı Oluşumları: Mineralojik, Jeokimyasal, Gemolojik Özellikleri ve Ekonomik Önemleri). Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University 33(1), pp. 211–219, DOI: 10.17341/gazimmfd.406793 (in Turkish).
• [3] Başıbüyük, Z. 2018. Mineralogical, geochemical, and gemological characteristics of silicic gemstone in Aydıncık (Yozgat – Turkey). Arabian Journal of Geosciences 11(12), DOI: 10.1007/s12517-018-3615-2.
• [4] Başibüyük et al. 2020 – Başibüyük, Z., Akbudak, I.K. and Gürbüz, M. 2020. Mineralogical, geochemical and gemological investigation of Artova Ch-chalcedonies, Tokat – Turkey. Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 36(1), pp. 77–92, DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2020.132551.
• [5] Bozkurt, E. and Koçyiğit, A. 1996. The Kazova basin: an active negative flower structure on the Almus Fault Zone, a splay fault system of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey. Tectonophysics 265(3), pp. 239–254, DOI: 10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00045-5.
• [6] Caucia et al. 2016 – Caucia, F., Marinoni, L., Ghisoli, C. and Leone, A. 2016. Gemological, physical and chemical properties of prase opals from Hanety Hill (Tanzania). Periodico di Mineralogia 85, pp. 41–50, DOI: 10.2451/2016PM601.
• [7] Çalık, A. and Arzoğulları, U. 2014. Occurrence of dendritic agate from Dereyalak village (Eskişehir) – NW of Turkey and its relationship to sepiolite nodules in the region. Journal of African Earth Sciences 97, pp. 99–108, DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.028.
• [8] Dalkılıç, H. and Özcan, A. 2013. 1:100.000 scale geological map of Turkey series, Tokat-H 37 layout. MTA publications.
• [9] Göçmengil et al. 2018 – Göçmengil, G., Karacik, Z., Genç, Ş.C. and Bi̇llo, M.Z. 2018. 40Ar-39Ar geochronology and petrogenesis of postcollisional trachytic volcanism along the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone (NE, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 27(1), pp. 1–31, DOI: 10.3906/yer-1708-4.
• [10] Götze et al. 2001 – Götze, J., Tichomirowa, M., Fuchs, H., Pilot, J. and Sharp, Z.D. 2001. Geochemistry of agates: a trace element and stable isotope study. Chemical Geology 175(3–4), pp. 523–541.
• [11] Götze et al. 2004 – Götze, J., Plötze, M., Graupner, T., Hallbauer, D.K. and Bray, C.J. 2004. Trace element incorporation into quartz: a combined study by ICP-MS, electron spin resonance, cathodoluminescence, capillary ion analysis, and gas chromatography. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68(18), pp. 3741–3759, DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2004.01.003.
• [12] Götze et al. 2012 – Götze, J., Schrön, W., Möckel, R. and Heide, K. 2012. The role of fluids in the formation of agates. Geochemistry 72(3), pp. 283–286, DOI: 10.1016/j.chemer.2012.07.002.
• [13] Götze et al. 2019 – Götze, J., Berek, H. and Schäfer, K. 2019. Micro-structural phenomena in agate/chalcedony: spiral growth. Mineralogical Magazine 83(2), 281–291, DOI: 10.1180/mgm.2018.156.
• [14] Graetsch, H. 1994. Structural characteristics of opaline and microcrystalline silica minerals. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 29, pp. 209–232.
• [15] Hajalilou, B. and Vosug, K.B. 2008. Geologıcal and gemologıcal propertıes in Mıyaneh Agates (East Azerbaıjan Provınce). Peyke Noor Journal Scıence 1(4), pp. 20–38.
• [16] Hatipoğlu et al. 2010 – Hatipoğlu, M., Babalık, H. and Chamberlain, S.C. 2010. Gemstone Deposits in Turkey. Rocks & Minerals 85(2), pp. 124–133, DOI: 10.1080/10511970903455868.
• [17] Hatipoğlu et al. 2011 – Hatipoğlu, M., Ajò, D. and Kırıkoğlu, M.S. 2011. Cathodoluminescence (CL) features of the Anatolian agates, hydrothermally deposited in different volcanic hosts from Turkey. Journal of Luminescence 131(6), pp. 1131–1139, DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2011.02.013.
• [18] Moxon, T. 2002. Agate: a study of ageing. European Journal of Mineralogy 14(6), pp. 1109–1118, DOI: 10.1127/0935-1221/2002/0014-1109.
• [19] Moxon, T. and Reed, S.J.B. 2006. Agate and chalcedony from igneous and sedimentary hosts aged from 13 to 3480 Ma: a cathodoluminescence study. Mineralogical Magazine 70(5), pp. 485–498, DOI: 10.1180/0026461067050347.
• [20] Moxon et al. 2006 – Moxon, T., Nelson, D.R. and Zhang, M. 2006. Agate recrystallisation: evidence from samples found in Archaean and Proterozoic host rocks , Western Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 53(2), 235, pp. 235–248, DOI: 10.1080/08120090500499255.
• [21] Özcan, A. and Aksay, A. 1996. Geology of Tokat-Turhal-Almus-Çamlıbel area. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Report, (9972) (Tokat-Turhal-Almus-Çamlıbel dolayının jeolojisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Rapor, (9972)) (in Turkish).
• [22] Powolny et al. 2019 – Powolny, T., Dumańska-Słowik, M., Sikorska-Jaworowska, M. and Wójcik-Bania, M. 2019. Agate mineralization in spilitized Permian volcanics from “Borówno” quarry (Lower Silesia, Poland) – microtextural, mineralogical, and geochemical constraints. Ore Geology Reviews 114, DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103130.
• [23] Pršek et al. 2020 – Pršek, J., Dumańska-Słowik, M., Powolny, T., Natkaniec-Nowak, L., Toboła, T., Zych, D. and Skrepnicka, D. 2020. Agates from Western Atlas (Morocco) – Constraints from mineralogical and microtextural characteristics. Minerals 10(2), DOI: 10.3390/min10020198.
• [24] Sümengen, M. 2013a. 1:100000 scale Geological Maps of Turkey, No. 188, Tokat- H37 sheet (1:100000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritaları, No. 188, Tokat- H37 paftası). General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Department of Geological Studies, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish).
• [25] Sümengen, M. 2013b. 1:100000 scale Geological Maps of Turkey, No. 188, Tokat- H38 sheet (1:100000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritaları, No. 188, Tokat- H38 paftası). General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Department of Geological Studies, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish).
• [26] Yazdi et al. 2016 – Yazdi, M., Lotfi, R., Masoudi, F. and Pak, N.M. 2016. Chemical treatment effects of blue, yellow and green colors with heating methods on agates of Cheshme Shoor area, Qom, Iran ( Mavi, Sarı ve Yeşil Renklerin Cheshme Shoor Bölgesi Agateslerine Isıtma Yöntemleriyle Kimyasal Arıtım Etkileri, Qom, İran). Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 4(3), 210–217 (in Turkish).
• [27] Yılmaz, A. 1980. Origin, Internal Structure of Ophiolites and Relationship with Other Formations in the Region Between Tokat and Sivas (Tokat ile Sivas Arasındaki Bölgede Ofiyolitlerin Kökeni, İç Yapısı ve Diğer Birimlerle İlişkisi). PhD Thesis, Ankara University, Institute of Science, Ankara (in Turkish).
• [28] Yılmaz, A. 1982. Basic Geological Characteristics of Between Dumanlidag (Tokat) and Çeltek Mountain (Sivas) and Position of the Ophiolitic Complex (Dumanlıdağ (Tokat) İle Çeltek Dağı (Sivas) Arasının Temel Jeoloji Özellikleri ve Ofiyolitli Karmaşığın Konumu). MTA Report, No. 7230, Ankara (in Turkish).
• [29] Yılmaz, A. 1984. The basic geological features of the Tokat (Dumanli mountain) and Sivas (Çeltek mountain) regions and the location of the ophiolitic complex. Journal of Mineral Research and Exploration (Tokat (Dumanli dagi) ile Sivas (Çeltek dagi) dolaylarinin temel jeoloji özellikleri ve ofiyolitli karışığın konumu). Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi 99/100, pp. 1–18 (in Turkish).
• [30] Yılmaz et al. 1997 – Yılmaz, Y., Serdar, H. S., Genç, C., Yigitbaş, E., Gürer, Ö. F., Elmas, A., Yıldırım, M. and Gürpinar, O. 1997. The geology and evolution of the Tokat Massif, south-central Pontides, Turkey. International Geology Review 39(4), pp. 365–382, DOI: 10.1080/00206819709465278.
• [31] Yılmaz, A. and Yılmaz, H. 2004. Geology And Structural Evolution of The Tokat Massif (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13(2), pp. 231–246.
• [32] Yüzbaşıoğlu, T.Y. 2020. Mineralogical-petrographic investigation and gemological properties of Tepeyurt (Tokat) jasper (Tepeyurt (Tokat) jasperlerinin mineralojik-petrografik incelemesi ve gemolojik özellikleri). Master’s thesis. Institute of Science and Technology, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University 62 pp. (in Turkish).

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023)