The experimental investigation of seepage control in different sand soils using photopolymerization

Akoguz, Harun

doi:10.1007/s11600-023-01052-1

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

The experimental investigation of seepage control in different sand soils using photopolymerization

Autorzy

Akoguz Harun

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

https://www.springer.com/journal/11600

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1007/s11600-023-01052-1

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Seepage control is critically essential for dams, slopes, and the stability of many engineering structures, developing over many years using different methods. This study presents a novel approach for seepage control using the photopolymerization technique to form an impermeable crust at the soil surface. Effects of exposure duration (5, 10, 15, and 30 min) and light intensities (140, 550, 710, and 1000 W/m2) on the seepage control effectiveness of four different sand soils were investigated by using the photopolymerization technique. The three-point bending, permeability and acid rain simulation tests were performed to illustrate the effect of photopolymerization on the seepage control of sand soils. Furthermore, the influence of photopolymerization on the microstructure of soils was examined with the aid of SEM analysis. The results indicated that the photopolymerization technique could improve the crust strength, acid rain durability, and permeability of sand soils. The crusts at the surface layer of soils were formed after the photopolymer was applied to the sand surface and then exposed to UV light. These crusts of different soils have bending strengths and thicknesses in the range of 34.57 and 68.07 MPa, 2.13 and 6.18 mm, respectively. The increase in exposure duration and light intensity, resulted in the gradual increment of soil crust thickness. On the other hand, the increase in light intensities have more effective on the crust thickness. The formed soil crust has been provided an impermeable surface that prevents the weight loose from the surface of the soil under acid rain conditions. The SEM analysis indicated that the photopolymerized gels were homogeneously distributed between the grains in all samples, although the grain distribution of soils were different. Since the photopolymerization method has a short treatment duration and is easier to apply on the sand surface, the occurrence of the crust at the soil surface by this technique may open a new and improvable path for seepage control. The obtained results showed that the photopolymerization method is promising for repairing, restoring, and strengthening the construction materials in different engineering areas, as well as seepage control.

Słowa kluczowe

seepage control photopolymer UV resin soil crust surface treatment ground improvement photopolymerization

kontrola przesączania fotopolimer żywica UV skorupa glebowa obróbka powierzchni poprawa gruntu fotopolimeryzacja

Wydawca

Instytut Geofizyki PAN
Springer

Czasopismo

Acta Geophysica

Rocznik

2024

Tom

Vol. 72, no. 2

Strony

983--997

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 75 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Akoguz Harun

hakoguz@erzincan.edu.tr

Civil Engineering, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Türkiye

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-0249

Bibliografia

1. ASTM D2487-11 (2011) Standard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes
2. ASTM E11 (2013) Standard specification for woven wire test sieve cloth and test sieves.
3. Abid Althaqafi K, Alshabib A, Satterthwaite J, Silikas N (2022) Properties of a model self-healing microcapsule-based dental composite reinforced with silica nanoparticles. J Funct Biomater 13:19. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13010019
4. AlShaafi MM (2017) Factors affecting polymerization of resin-based composites: A literature review. Saudi Dent J 29:48-58. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2017.01.002
5. Anastasio R, Peerbooms W, Cardinaels R, van Breemen LCA (2019) Characterization of ultraviolet-cured methacrylate networks: from photopolymerization to ultimate mechanical properties. Macromolecules 52:9220-9231. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol. 9b01439
6. BaekHyunLee C-JS-HS-K et al (2008) The effects of light intensity and light-curing time on the degree of polymerization of dental composite resins. Dent Mater J 27:523-533. https://doi.org/10. 4012/dmj.27.523
7. Bhatia S (2016) Natural polymers vs synthetic polymer. In: Bhatia S (ed) Natural polymer drug delivery systems: nanoparticles, plants, and algae. Springer, Cham, pp 95-118
8. Borysiuk P, Derda M, Auriga R et al (2015) Comparison of selected properties of varnish coatings curing with the use of UV and UV-LED approach. Ann Warsaw Univ Life Sci SGGW for Wood Technol 92:49-54
9. Calheiros FC, Costa S, Pfeifer C, Brandäo LL et al (2013) Flexural properties of resin composites: Influence of specimen dimensions and storage conditions. Dent Mater J 32:228-232. https://doi.org/ 10.4012/dmj.2012-271
10. Cedergren HR (1997) Seepage, drainage, and flow nets. Wiley
11. Cheng L, Cord-Ruwisch R, Shahin MA (2013) Cementation of sand soil by microbially induced calcite precipitation at various degrees of saturation. Can Geotech J 50:81-90. https://doi.org/10.1139/ cgj-2012-0023
12. Cheng L, Yang Y, Chu J (2019) In-situ microbially induced Ca2+-alginate polymeric sealant for seepage control in porous materials.
13. Microb Biotechnol 12:324-333. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13315
14. Chu J, Stabnikov V, Ivanov V (2012) Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation on surface or in the bulk of soil. Geomi-crobiol J 29:544-549. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2011. 592929
15. Chukwu P, Maduabum A (2020) Silica sand: the architecture material of the 21st century. Int J Innov Sci Res Technol 5:705-709
16. Chung SM, Yap AUJ, Chandra SP, Lim CT (2004) Flexural strength of dental composite restoratives: comparison of biaxial and three-point bending test. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 71B:278-283. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.30103
17. Compston P, Schiemer J, Cvetanovska A (2008) Mechanical properties and styrene emission levels of a UV-cured glass-fibre/vinylester composite. Compos Struct 86:22-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. compstruct.2008.03.012
18. Dagliya M, Satyam N, Sharma M, Garg A (2022) Experimental study on mitigating wind erosion of calcareous desert sand using spray method for microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 14:1556-1567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jrmge.2021.12.008
19. Dikova T, Maximov J, Todorov V et al (2021) Optimization of photopolymerization process of dental composites. Processes 9:779. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050779
20. El-Askary FS, Botros SA, Nassif MSA, Özcan M (2017) Flexural strength of nano-hybrid resin composite as a function of light attenuation distance and specimen dimension. J Adhes Sci Technol 31:520-529. https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2016.1221251
21. Eyssautier-Chuine S, Marin B, Thomachot-Schneider C et al (2016) Simulation of acid rain weathering effect on natural and artificial carbonate stones. Environ Earth Sci 75:748. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s12665-016-5555-z
22. Gao Y, Tang X, Chu J, He J (2019) Microbially induced calcite precipitation for seepage control in sandy soil. Geomicrobiol J 36:366375. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2018.1556750
23. Gowthaman S, Nakashima K, Kawasaki S (2021) Durability analysis of bio-cemented slope soil under the exposure of acid rain. J Soils Sediments 21:2831-2844. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11368-021-02997-w
24. Green WA (2010) Industrial photoinitiators: a technical guide. CRC Press
25. Grennfelt P, Engleryd A, Forsius M et al (2020) Acid rain and air pollution: 50 years of progress in environmental science and policy. Ambio 49:849-864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01244-4
26. Hada T, Kanazawa M, Miyamoto N et al (2022) Effect of different filler contents and printing directions on the mechanical properties for photopolymer resins. Int J Mol Sci 23:2296. https://doi.org/10. 3390/ijms23042296
27. Hang L, Gao Y, van Paassen LA et al (2022) Microbially induced carbonate precipitation for improving the internal stability of silty sand slopes under seepage conditions. Acta Geotech. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11440-022-01712-4
28. Ivanov V, Stabnikov V (2017a) Basics of Microbiology for Civil and Environmental Engineers. In: Ivanov V, Stabnikov V (eds) Construction Biotechnology: Biogeochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology of Construction Materials and Processes. Springer Singapore, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1445-1_1
29. Ivanov V, Stabnikov V (2017b) Soil surface biotreatment. In: Ivanov V, Stabnikov V (eds) Construction biotechnology: biogeochemistry, microbiology and biotechnology of construction materials and processes. Springer, Singapore, pp 179-197
30. Ivanov V, Stabnikov V (2017c) Biotechnological improvement of construction ground and construction materials. In: Ivanov V, Stabnikov V (eds) Construction biotechnology: biogeochemistry, microbiology and biotechnology of construction materials and processes. Springer, Singapore, pp 91-107
31. Jahangoshai Rezaee M, Yousefi S, Chakrabortty RK (2021) Analysing causal relationships between delay factors in construction projects. Int J Manag Proj Bus 14:412-444. https://doi.org/10. 1108/IJMPB-01-2019-0020
32. Kamon M, Ying C, Katsumi T (1996) Effect of acid rain on lime and cement stabilized soils. Soils Found 36:91-99. https://doi.org/ 10.3208/sandf.36.4_91
33. Kamon M, Ying C, Katsumi T (1997) Effect of acid rain on physico-chemical and engineering properties of soils. Soils Found 37:23-32. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.37.4_23
34. Miftah A, Khodadadi Tirkolaei H, Bilsel H, el Naggar H (2022) Erodibility improvement and scour mitigation of beach sand by enzymatic induced carbonate precipitation. Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment 32:100354. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.gete.2022.100354
35. Lai H, Peng X, Li L et al (2022) Novel monomers for photopolymer networks. Prog Polym Sci 128:101529. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101529
36. Lindberg A, Peutzfeldt A, van Dijken JW (2005) Effect of power density of curing unit, exposure duration, and light guide distance on composite depth of cure. Clin Oral Investig 9:71-76. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s00784-005-0312-9
37. Lovell LG, Newman SM, Donaldson MM, Bowman CN (2003) The effect of light intensity on double bond conversion and flexural strength of a model, unfilled dental resin. Dent Mater 19:458465. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0109-5641(02)00090-8
38. Malhotra N, Kundabala M (2010) Light-curing considerations for resin-based composite materials: a review. Part II Compend Contin Educ Dent 31:584-603
39. Maurya R, Chandel A, Kumar U (2016) Comparative study of various soils upon addition of different materials on the basis of hydraulic conductivity parameter. Int J Sci Res Publ 5:107-111
40. Mbagwu JSC (2004) Aggregate stability and soil degradation in the tropics. 246-252
41. Milanović P (2018) Engineering karstology of dams and reservoirs. CRC Press, New York
42. Milanović P (2015) Catalog of Engineering Works in Karst and Their Effects. In: Stevanović Z (ed) Karst Aquifers—Characterization and Engineering. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 361-399
43. Miyazaki M, Oshida Y, Keith Moore B, Onose H (1996) Effect of light exposure on fracture toughness and flexural strength of light-cured composites. Dent Mater 12:328-332. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0109-5641(96)80042-X
44. Mozafari M, Milanović P, Jamei J (2021) Water leakage problems at the Tangab Dam reservoir (SW Iran), case study of the complexities of dams on karst. Bull Eng Geol Env 80:7989-8007. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02387-z
45. Mutunga CN (1994) The influence of vegetative cover on runoff and soil loss - a study in Mukogodo. Degree of Master of Science, University of Nairobi, Laikipia District
46. Naeimi M, Chu J, Khosroshahi M, Kashi Zenouzi L (2023) Soil stabilization for dunes fixation using microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation. Geoderma 429:116183. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116183
47. Najafi H, Akbari B, Najafi F et al (2018) Characterization of the physical-mechanical properties of dental resin composites reinforced with novel micro-nano hybrid silica particles: an optimization study. J Macromol Sci Part A 55:736-746. https://doi. org/10.1080/10601325.2018.1526040
48. Namazi H (2017) Polymers in our daily life. Bioimpacts 7:73-74
49. Nomoto R, Uchida K, Hirasawa T (1994) Effect of light intensity on polymerization of light-cured composite resins. Dent Mater J 13:198-205
50. Nowak D, Ortyl J, Kamińska-Borek I et al (2017) Photopolymerization of hybrid monomers: part I: comparison of the performance of selected photoinitiators in cationic and free-radical polymerization of hybrid monomers. Polym Test 64:313-320. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.polymertesting.2017.10.020
51. Orense PR, Shimoma S, Maeda K, Towhata I (2004) Instrumented model slope failure due to water seepage. J Nat Disaster Sci 26:15-26. https://doi.org/10.2328/jnds.26.15
52. Pace LL, Hummel SK, Marker VA, Bolouri A (2007) Comparison of the flexural strength of five adhesive resin cements. J Prosthodont 16:18-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2006.00151.x
53. Payton CC, Hansen MN (2003) Gypsum karst in southwestern Utah: failure and reconstruction of quail creek dike evaporite karst and engineering/environmental problems in the United States. Okla Geol Surv Circ 109:293-303
54. Qiyong X, Jon P, Thabet T (2013) Seepage control strategies at bioreactor landfills. J Hazard Toxic Radioact Waste 17:342-350. https:// doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HZ.2153-5515.0000185
55. Rajguru A, Mahatme P (2015) Effective techniques in cost optimization of construction project: a review. Int J Res Eng Technol 4:464-468
56. Rueggeberg FA, Caughman WF, Curtis JW (1994) Effect of light intensity and exposure duration on cure of resin composite. Oper Dent 19:26
57. Schmitz C, Poplata T, Feilen A, Strehmel B (2020) Radiation crosslinking of pigmented coating material by UV LEDs enabling depth curing and preventing oxygen inhibition. Prog Org Coat 144:105663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105663
58. Senetakis K, Ren J, Li H (2021) Cyclic behaviour of stabilized tailing sand with polymer-based additives: grain-scale study. In: ACAM10: 10th Australasian congress on applied mechanics: 10th Australasian congress on applied mechanics. engineers Australia, pp 203-212
59. Shen D, Liu Z, Song Z, Wu C (2023) Reinforcement mechanism and erosion resistance of loess slope using enzyme induced calcite precipitation technique. Sustainability 15:1044. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su15021044
60. Shihui L, Kejun W, Catherine A et al (2019) Enhancement of MICP-treated sandy soils against environmental deterioration. J Mater Civ Eng 31:04019294. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002959
61. Shougrakpam S, Trivedi A (2021) Harnessing microbially induced calcite precipitates to use in improving the engineering properties of loose sandy soils. Sadhana 46:41. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12046-021-01563-x
62. Singh A, Agrawal M (2007) Acid rain and its ecological consequences. J Environ Biol 29:15
63. Singh AK, Kumar S, Kalambukattu JG (2019) Assessing aggregate stability of soils under various land use/land cover in a watershed of mid-Himalayan landscape. Eur J Soil Sci 8:131-143
64. Stabnikov V, Naeimi M, Ivanov V, Chu J (2011) Formation of waterimpermeable crust on sand surface using biocement. Cem Concr Res 41:1143-1149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.06. 017
65. Takamizu M, Moore BK, Setcos JC, Phillips RW (1988) Efficacy of visible light generators with changes in voltage. Oper Dent 13:173-180
66. Tp杉崎順平, 堀江恭一 SITI et al (1987) 各種条件下におけるコンポジットレジンの曲げ強さについて. Dent Mater J 6(38–45):120. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.6.38
67. Tzeng J-J, Yang T-S, Lee W-F et al (2021) Mechanical properties and biocompatibility of urethane acrylate-based 3d-printed denture base resin. Polymer. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13050822
68. Wang Y-N, Li S-K, Li Z-Y, Garg A (2023) Exploring the application of the MICP technique for the suppression of erosion in granite residual soil in Shantou using a rainfall erosion simulator. Acta Geotech. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-022-01791-3
69. Wong KV, Hernandez A (2012) A review of additive manufacturing. ISRN Mech Eng 2012:208760. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/ 208760
70. Wu KC, Halloran JW (2005) Photopolymerization monitoring of ceramic stereolithography resins by FTIR methods. J Mater Sci 40:71-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-5689-y
71. Yang Y, Chu J, Xiao Y et al (2019) Seepage control in sand using bioslurry. Constr Build Mater 212:342-349. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.313
72. Yearn JA (1985) Factors affecting cure of visible light activated composites. Int Dent J 35:218-225
73. Yu Q, Nauman S, Santerre JP, Zhu S (2001) Photopolymerization behavior of di(meth)acrylate oligomers. J Mater Sci 36:35993605. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017980523677
74. Zhang LM, Chen Q (2006) Seepage failure mechanism of the gouhou rockfill dam during reservoir water infiltration. Soils Found 46:557-568. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.46.557
75. Zhang L, Yang H, Sun H, Yang Z (2020) Optimization analysis of seepage control design in Mopanshan reservoir, Northeastern China. Arab J Geosci 13:298. https://doi. org/10.1007/ s12517-020-05283-0

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-0ca64176-c23e-4d4f-aa7b-af768f48985d