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The research aims to develop a novel and safer milling route to produce Hard Metals. Considering the risks associated with milling fine particles under organic solvents, especially the increased fire and explosion risks, we propose milling under aqueous milling media to diminish the risks associated with fire hazards, while maintaining the oxidation level at a minimum. The samples were sintered in an industrial sintering oven under vacuum at 1380°C subsequent to milling and drying. The characterisation of the materials has been done by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis, optical microscopy, and a magnetometer. The obtained results indicate that appropriate properties of the powders after milling and drying as well as the desired biphasic (Co-WC) phases were obtained after sintering, thus proving the feasibility of such a route and diminishing specific fire hazards.
Słowa kluczowe
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
1205--1210
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 24 poz., fot., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Materials Science and Engineering Department, 103-105 Muncii Avenue, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- SC Gühring SRL, 32 Constructorilor Street, 407035 Apahida, Romania
autor
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Materials Science and Engineering Department, 103-105 Muncii Avenue, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- SC Gühring SRL, 32 Constructorilor Street, 407035 Apahida, Romania
autor
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Materials Science and Engineering Department, 103-105 Muncii Avenue, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Bibliografia
- [1] J. García, V. Collado Ciprés, A. Blomqvist, B. Kaplan, Cemented carbide microstructures: a review, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 80, 40-68 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2018.12.004
- [2] S. Norgren, J. García, A. Blomqvist, L. Yin, Trends in the P/M hard metal industry, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 48, 31-45 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJRMHM.2014.07.007
- [3] A. Upadhyaya, D. Sarathy, G. Wagner, Advances in sintering of hard metals, 1. Selected Papers from the 3rd International Conference on Cast Metal Matrix Composites & 2. Advances in Cemented Carbides 22, 499-506 (2001). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3069(01)00005-X
- [4] H. Wang, T. Webb, J.W. Bitler, Different effects of Cr3C2 and VC on the sintering behavior of WC-Co materials, Special Issue on the 2014 International Conference on Tungsten, Refractory & Hardmaterials 53, Part B 117-122 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2015.07.004
- [5] V. Bounhoure, S. Lay, F. Charlot, A. Antoni-Zdziobek, E. Pauty, J.M. Missiaen, Effect of C content on the microstructure evolution during early solid state sintering of WC-Co alloys, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 44, 27-34 (2014). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2013.12.012
- [6] R. Furushima, K. Katou, K. Shimojima, H. Hosokawa, A. Matsumoto, Control of WC grain sizes and mechanical properties in WC-FeAl composite fabricated from vacuum sintering technique, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 50, 16-22 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2014.11.007
- [7] V.I. Stanciu, V. Vitry, F. Delaunois, Influence of the milling parameters on the sintering behaviour of WC-Co composites, Materials and Manufacturing Processes 35, 811-816 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2020.1743850
- [8] H.F. Chicinaş, T.F. Marinca, A. Mesaroş, P. Götze, A. Eckert, G. Stoian, C. Leoştean, O. Pană, N. Lupu, C.O. Popa, Preparation and characterisation of WC-10Co powders obtained by aqueous milling, Ceramics International 44, 22935-22942 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CERAMINT.2018.09.089
- [9] H.F. Chicinaş, T.F. Marinca, P. Gotze, A. Eckert, C.O. Popa, Influence of aqueous milling duration on the sintered WC-10Co hard metal powders, Journal of Materials Science (2017).
- [10] G.E. Spriggs, A history of fine grained hardmetal, Special Issue on Fine Grained Hardmetals 13, 241-255 (1995). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-4368(95)92671-6
- [11] G.E. Spriggs, The importance of atmosphere control in hard-metal production, Powder Metallurgy 13, 369-393 (1970). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/pom.1970.13.26.016.
- [12] A.S. Kurlov, A.I. Gusev, Tungsten carbides, Springer Ser. Mater. Sci. 184, 34-6 (2013).
- [13] H.F. Chicinas, D.O. Jucan, R.V. Gadalean, G. Contiu, A. Cotai, C.O. Popa, Consolidation and Characterisation of Hard Metal Powders Milled under Dichloromethane, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 67, 541-545 (2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2022.137788
- [14] H.F. Chicinaş, O.D. Jucan, T.F. Marinca, B.V. Neamţu, G. Conțiu, P. Gotze, A. Eckert, C.O. Popa, Influence of milling media on the structure and agglomeration behaviour of some hard metal powders, Powder Metallurgy (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2018.1476081.
- [15] K.M. Andersson, Aqueous processing of WC-Co powders, (2004).
- [16] K.M. Andersson, L. Bergström, Oxidation and dissolution of tungsten carbide powder in water, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 18, 121-129 (2000). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-4368(00)00010-X
- [17] K.M. Andersson, L. Bergström, DLVO Interactions of Tungsten Oxide and Cobalt Oxide Surfaces Measured with the Colloidal Probe Technique, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 246, 309-315 (2002). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.8021
- [18] J. Chivot, L. Mendoza, C. Mansour, T. Pauporté, M. Cassir, New insight in the behaviour of Co-H2O system at 25-150°C, based on revised Pourbaix diagrams, Corrosion Science 50, 62-69 (2008). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2007.07.002
- [19] E. Laarz, L. Bergström, Dispersing WC-Co powders in aqueous media with polyethylenimine, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 18, 281-286 (2000). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-4368(00)00031-7
- [20] H.F. Chicinaş, T.F. Marinca, P. Götze, A. Eckert, C.O. Popa, Influence of aqueous milling duration on the sintered WC-10Co hard metal powders, Journal of Materials Science 53 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-1701-6
- [21] H.F. Chicinaş, D.O. Jucan, R. v. Gădălean, G. Conțiu, T.F. Marinca, P. Götze, A. Eckert, C.O. Popa, Influence of milling media on the properties of some hard metal powders, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 96, 105470 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2021.105470
- [22] H.F. Chicinaş, D.O. Jucan, T.F. Marinca, B.V. Neamțu, G. Conțiu, P. Götze, A. Eckert, C.O. Popa, Influence of milling media on the structure and agglomeration behaviour of some hardmetal powder, Powder Metallurgy 61, 342-347 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2018.1476081
- [23] J.H. Sa, B.R. Lee, D.H. Park, K. Han, H.D. Chun, K.H. Lee, Amino acids as natural inhibitors for hydrate formation in CO2 sequestration, Environmental Science and Technology 45, 5885-5891 (2011). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es200552c
- [24] A. Formisano, F. Capece Minutolo, A. Caraviello, L. Carrino, M. Durante, A. Langella, Influence of Eta-Phase on Wear Behavior of WC-Co Carbides, Advances in Tribology 2016 (2016). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/506327
Uwagi
This work was supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS - UEFISCDI, project number PN-IIIP1-1.1-PD-2019-0295. Besides this, the infrastructure available from the European Development Fund and the Romanian Government through the Competitiveness Operational Programme 2014-2020, project ID P 34 466, MySMIS code 121349, contract no.5/05.06.2018 is highly acknowledged.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-0c73f87e-fe17-46c0-87f4-99e5731d3080