„Good” and „Bad” Ozone - Evaluation on the Basis of Plant Reaction to Ozone

• Autorzy: Dzierżyńska A.

Warianty tytułu

PL

„Dobry” I „Zły” Ozon - Ocena Na Podstawie Reakcji Roślin Na Ozon

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Ozone is a natural and artificial chemical compound of Earth’s atmosphere. O3 is an absorbent of ultraviolet and infrared radiation and has strong oxidative properties. In the stratosphere the ozone layer protects the planet’s surface from dangerous UV radiation, its indirect effect on plant organisms is positive so stratospheric ozone can be called “good” ozone. The depletion of the ozone layer, as a result of atmosphere pollution, described as an ozone “hole” is causing UVB radiation enhanced level on Earth’s surface. The genetic, cytological, physiological and morphological reaction of prolonged UVB exposure in plants is twofold: it damages plants and simultaneously plants protect themselves and repair their injuries. The ozone in the troposphere originates from natural sources and is also a secondary pollutant, formed in photochemical reactions, leading to “smog” and ozone “spots” occurrence. As a strong oxidant, O3 is directly toxic to plants and can be recognized as “bad” ozone. Ozone is also classified as a “greenhouse” gas, participating in global warming. It is difficult to value the impact of O3 as a “greenhouse” gas on plants. The combined effect of O3 changes in the stratosphere and troposphere on plants can be estimated as loss in crop yield and in productivity of natural.

PL

Ozon O3 jest naturalnym, ale również sztucznym składnikiem chemicznym atmosfery ziemskiej. Jest absorbentem promieniowania ultrafioletowego i podczerwonego oraz ma silne właściwości utleniające. W stratosferze warstwa ozonowa chroni powierzchnię planety przed niebezpiecznym promieniowaniem UV, pośredni wpływ O3 stratosferycznego na rośliny jest więc pozytywny i O3 stratosferyczny można nazwać „dobrym” ozonem. Zubożenie warstwy ozonowej wynikające z zanieczyszczenia atmosfery, a opisywane jako „dziura” ozonowa, jest przyczyną zwiększonego promieniowanie UVB na poziomie powierzchni Ziemi. Genetyczne, cytologiczne, fizjologiczne i morfologiczne reakcje roślin na długotrwałe działanie nadmiaru UVB są dwojakie: niszczą rośliny, a jednocześnie rośliny chronią siebie i naprawiają swoje uszkodzenia ozonowe. Ozon w troposferze pochodzi ze źródeł naturalnych, a także jest wtórnym zanieczyszczeniem, które powstało w reakcjach fotochemicznych, co prowadzi do przypadków „smogu” i „plam” ozonowych. Jako silny utleniacz O3 jest bezpośrednio toksyczny dla roślin. O3 może powodować specyficzne ozonowe uszkodzenia roślin i zostać uznany za „zły” ozon. Ozon jest także sklasyfikowany jako jeden z gazów „cieplarnianych”, biorąc udział w globalnym ociepleniu. Trudno jest jednak ocenić wpływ O3 jako jednego z gazów „cieplarnianych” na rośliny Łączny wpływ zmian O3 w stratosferze i troposferze na rośliny można ocenić jako utratę plonów i zmniejszenie produktywności naturalnych ekosystemów.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

tropospheric and stratospheric ozone; ozone hole; excess of ultraviolet radaition; greenhouse effect; greenhouse gas; excess of ozone; photochemical smog; ozone “spots”

PL

ozon stratosferyczny i troposferyczny; dziura ozonowa; nadmiar promieniowania UV; efekt cieplarniany; gaz cieplarniany; nadmiar ozonu; smog fotochemiczny; plamy ozonowe

• Wydawca: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
• Czasopismo: Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: R. 17, NR 1-2
• Strony: 97--112
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 65 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Dzierżyńska A.

• Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Plant Science, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland

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