Badanie rozkładu stężeń wybranych WWA we frakcjach cząstek drobnych emitowanych z silników pojazdów samochodowych

• Autorzy: Szewczyńska M. , Pośniak M. , Dąbrowska J. , Pyrzyńska K.

Warianty tytułu

EN

The Distributin of Concentrations Carcinogenic Substances in Fractions of Fine Particles Emitted During the Operation of Motor Vehicles

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Particulate matter and chemical substances adsorbed by it, such as carcinogenic PAHs, are of massive significance and may negatively impact human health due to the place where they accumulate within the human body, as mentioned in the introduction. The conducted studies have indicated that in addition to diesel engines, also petrol engines may be a potential source of environmental pollution with ultra-fine particles. The text presents the results of the study of carcinogenic substances (PAH) in particulate matter emitted in the exhaust gases of diesel and petrol engines. An Electric Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) was used to measure the size of particulate matter in real time and to establish the distribution of particulate matter size present in the exhaust gases. Also using the ELPI, fractions smaller than 0.25 µm were separated and then, in order to establish PAH concentrations, the material collected on the impactor level filters cutting off the 0.4-0.03 µm fractions was analysed. The observed numerical, dimensional, surface, volume and mass concentration distribution values for the exhaust gases from a petrol engine corresponded to, respectively, 0.93; 0.75; 0.89; 2.05; and 1.38% of the values recorded for diesel exhaust gases. The calculated aver-age PAH concentrations adsorbed on small fractions for emissions from the tested engines also indicated a reduction of emissions of tested compounds in the case of petrol engine operation. The largest total PAH concentration, i.e. 35 ng, was marked in fractions smaller than 0.1 µm of fine particulate matter emitted in diesel engine exhaust, whereas in the case of a petrol engine, it amounted to 11 ng m^-3 and was marked in the 0.4 µm fraction. Benzo(a)pyrene was at a maximum concentration of 1.3 ng m^-3 in the fine particulate matter fraction with the aerodynamic diameter of 0.1 µm in the diesel engine exhaust gases and respectively in the 0.4 µm fraction in the petrol engine exhaust gases. Measurements have indicated that the particulate matter in fraction below 0.4 µm is emitted into the environment by the emissions from diesel engine exhaust and, to a lesser degree, also from petrol engine exhaust. The studies have not indicated the tendency of individual PAH com-pounds to be adsorbed only on single fractions of particulate matter with specific dimensions.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

substancje rakotwórcze; wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne (WWA); rozkład cząstek drobnych; spaliny Diesla; spaliny z benzyny

EN

carcinogenic substances; polyaromatic hydrocarbons; particle size distribution; motor vehicles; diesel exhaust; gasoline exhaust

• Wydawca: Politechnika Koszalińska
• Czasopismo: Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: Tom 18, cz. 2
• Strony: 74--85
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 20 poz., tab., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Szewczyńska M.

• Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy – PIB

autor

Pośniak M.

• Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy – PIB

autor

Dąbrowska J.

• Uniwersytet Warszawski

autor

Pyrzyńska K.

• Uniwersytet Warszawski

Bibliografia

• 1. Alföldy, B., Giechaskiel, B., Hofmann, W., Drossinos, Y. (2009). Size- distribution dependent lung deposition of diesel exhaust particles. Journal of Aerosol Science, 40, 652-663.
• 2. Chao He , Yunshan Ge, Chaochen Ma, Jianwei Tan, Zhihua Liu, Chu Wang, Linxiao Yu, Yan Ding. (2011). Emission characteristics of a heavy-duty diesel engine at simulated high altitudes. Science of the Total Environment, 409, 3138-3143.
• 3. Harley, R.A. (2009). On-road Measurement of Light-duty Gasoline and Heavyduty Diesel Vehicle Emission. California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the California Environmental Protection Agency, CA, USA.
• 4. Hwang, I., Hopke, P.K. (2007). Estimation of source apportionment and potential source locations of PM2.5 at a west coastal IMPROVE site. Atmospheric Environment, 41, 506-518.
• 5. Kam, W., Liacos, J.W., Schauer, J.J., Delfino, R.J., Sioutas, C., (2012) Sizesegregated composition of particulate matter (PM) in major roadways and surface streets. Atmospheric Environment, 55, 90-97.
• 6. Katoshevski, D., Ruzal, M., Shakked, T., Sher, E. (2010). Particle grouping, a new method for reducing emission of submicron particles from diesel engines. Fuel, 89, 2411-2416.
• 7. Kelly, F.J., Fussell, J.C. (2012). Size, source and chemical composition as determinates of toxicity attributable to ambient particulate matter. Atmospheric Environment 60, 504-526.
• 8. Kizu, R., Okamura, K., Toriba, A., Mizokami, A., Burnstein, K.L., Klinge, C.M., Hayakawa, K. (2003). Antiandrogenic activities of diesel exhaust particle extracts in PC3/AR human prostate carcinoma cells. Toxicological Science, 76, 299-309.
• 9. Kozielska, B. (2015) Wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne zawarte w pyłach zanieczyszczających środowisko, Monografia, Wydanie I
• 10. Mainka, A., Zajusz-Zubek, E., Kozielska, B., Brągoszewska, E. (2015). Badanie zanieczyszczeń powietrza oddziałujących na dzieci w przedszkolu miejskim zlokalizowanym przy drodze o dużym natężeniu ruchu. Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska, 18 (1), 119-133
• 11. Oanh, N.T.K., Thiansathit, W., Bond, T.C., Subramanian, R., Winijkul, E., Paw-Armart, I. (2010). Compositional characterization of PM2.5 emitted from in-use diesel vehicles. Atmospheric Environment, 44, 15-22.
• 12. López-Veneroni, D. (2009). The stable carbon isotope composition of PM2.5 and PM10 in Mexico City Metropolitan Area air. Atmospheric Environment, 43, 4491-4502.
• 13. Makoto, E., Masato, N., Masao, H., Haruhisa, K. (2013). Developmental toxicity of diesel exhaust: A review of studies in experimental animals Review Article. Reproductive Toxicology, 42, 1-17.
• 14. Raghu, B., Rajasekhar, B. (2011). Emissions of particulate-bound elements from stationary diesel engine: Characterization and risk assessment. Atmospheric Environment, 45, 5273-5281.
• 15. Szewczyńska, M., Pośniak, M., Dobrzyńska, E. (2013). Study on Individual PAHs Content in Ultrafine Particles from Solid Fractions of Diesel and Biodiesel Exhaust Fumes. e-Journal of Chemistry, Article ID 528471, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/528471
• 16. Tervahattu, H., Kupiainen, K.J., Raisanen, M., Makela, T., Hillamo, R. (2006). Generation of urban road dust from anti-skid and asphalt concrete aggregates. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 132, 39-46.
• 17. Tobiszewski, M., Namieśnik, J. (2012). PAH diagnostics ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources. Environmental Pollution, 162, 110-119.
• 18. Thorpe, A.J., Harrison, R.M., Boulter, P.G., McCrae, I.S. (2007). Estimation of particle resuspension source strength on a major London Road. Atmospheric Environment, 41, 8007-8020.
• 19. Villeneuve, P.J., Parent, M.É., Sahni, V., Johnson, K.C. (2011). Occupational exposure to diesel and gasoline emissions and lung cancer in Canadian men. Environmental Research, 111(5), 727-735.
• 20. Vu, T.V., Delgado-Saborit, J.M., Harrison, R.M., (2015). Review: Particle number size distributions from seven major sources and implications for source apportionment studies. Atmospheric Environmental, 122, 114-132.

Uwagi

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.