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This research investigates the applicability of F. Davis’ Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to OCR-based CAPTCHAs involved in a free e-mail accounts registration process. The results provide preliminary evidence that the model may be a useful tool for research focused on acceptance of CAPTCHAs. The results are especially interesting when it comes to the concept of perceived usefulness and its direct relationship to the concept of attitude toward use. This relation indicates a new area of research for CAPTCHA developers interested in improving usability and accessibility of these systems.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
207--220
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 29 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Institute of Psychology Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Szamarzewskiego 89a; 60-568 Poznań, Poland
autor
- Institute of Psychology Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Szamarzewskiego 89a; 60-568 Poznań, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] Ahn, L., Blum, M., Hopper, N.J., Langford, J., 2007. CAPTCHA: Using Hard AI Problems For Security. Retrieved: October 11, 2007 from http: //www.captcha.net
- [2] Ahn, L., Blum, M., Langford, J., 2007. Telling Humans and Computers Apart Automatically. How Lazy Cryptographers do AI. Retrieved: October 11, 2007 from http://www.captcha.net
- [3] Ahn, L., Maurer, B., McMillen, C., Abraham, D., Blum, A. 2008. re-CAPTCHA: Human-Based Character Recognition via Web Security Measures. Science 321, 1465–1468.
- [4] Chan, N., 2007. Sound oriented CAPTCHA. Retrieved: October 11, 2007 from http://www.captcha.net
- [5] Chellapilla, K., Larson, K., Simard, P.Y., Czerwinski, M., 2005a. Designing Human Friendly Human Interactive Proofs. ACM CHI’05.
- [6] Chellapilla, K., Larson, K., Simard, P.Y., Czerwinski, M., 2005b. Building Segmentation Based Human-friendly Human Interaction Proofs. 2nd Int’l Workshop on Human Interaction Proofs, Springer-Verlag. LNCS 3517.
- [7] Chew, M., Baird, H.S., 2003. BaffleText: a Human Interactive Proof. Proceedings of the SPIE/IS&T Document Recognition and Retrieval Conf. X. Santa Clara, CA.
- [8] Cronbach, L. J. 1951. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334.
- [9] Bagozzi, R.P., 2007. The Legacy of the Technology Acceptance Model and a Proposal for a Paradigm Shift. Journal of the Association for Information Systems 8 (4), 244–254.
- [10] Davis, F.D. 1989. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly 13 (3), 319–340.
- [11] Davis, F.D, Bagozzi, R.P., Warshaw, P.R., 1989. User acceptance of computer technology: a comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science 35 (8), 982–1003.
- [12] Davis, F.D., 1993. User acceptance of information technology: system characteristics, user perceptions, and behavioral impacts. International Journal of Man Machine Studies 38, 475–487.
- [13] Łupkowski, P., Urbański, M., 2008. SemCAPTCHA – user-friendly alternative for OCR-based CAPTCHA systems, in: Demenko, G., Jassem, K., Szpakowicz, S. (Eds.), Speech and Language Technology 11, Polish Phonetic Association, Poznań́, pp. 278–289.
- [14] Łupkowski, P., 2009, The Question of OCR-based CAPTCHAs Safety, In: R. S. Choraś and A. Zabłudowski (Eds.), Image Processing & Communications. Challenges, Academic Publishing House EXIT, Warszawa, pp. 218-224.
- [15] May, M., 2005. Inaccessibility of CAPTCHA. Alternatives to Visual Turing Tests on the Web. W3C Working Group Note 23 November 2005. Retrieved from www.w3.org/TR/turingtest
- [16] Malhotra, Y., Galletta, D.F., 1999. Extending the Technology Acceptance Model to Account for Social Influence: Theoretical Bases and Empirical Validation. Proceedings of th 32nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
- [17] Money, W., Turner, A., 2004. Application of the Technology Acceptance Model to a Knowledge Management System, Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
- [18] Moy, G., Jones, N., Harkless, C., Potter, N., 2004. Distortion estimation techniques in solving visual CAPTCHAS. IEEE CVPR.
- [19] Mori, G., Malik, J., 2003. Recognizing objects in adversarial clutter: breaking a visual CAPTCHA in: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 2003. Retrieved October 11, 2007 from http://www.cs.sfu.ca/~mori/research
- [20] Naor, M., 1996. Verification of a human in the loop or Identification via The Turing Test. http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~naor/PAPERS/ human.ps
- [21] Saade, R.G., Bahli, B., 2005. The impact of cognitive absorption on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in on-line learning: an extension of the technology acceptance model. Information & Management 42, 317–327.
- [22] Saade, R.G., Nebebe, F., Tan, W., 2007. Viability of the ‘Technology Acceptance Model’ in: Multimedia Learning Environments: A Comparative Study. Interdisciplinary Journal of Knowledge and Learning Objects 3, pp. 175–183.
- [23] Słomka, A., Przechlewski, T., Wrycza, S., 2007. Examining OSS sucess: Information technology acceptance by firefox users, in: Wojtkowski, W., Wojtkowski W.G., Zupanic, J., Magyar, G., Knapp, G. (Eds.), Advances in Information Systems Development: New Methods and Practice for the Networked Society, pp. 447–456.
- [24] Vora, P., 2009. Web Application Design Patterns, Morgan Kaufmann, Canada.
- [25] Yan, J., Ahmad, A.S., 2007. Breaking Visual CAPTCHAs with Naive Pattern Recognition Algorithms, in: Proc. of the 23rd Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC’07). FL, USA, Dec 2007. IEEE computer society, pp. 279–291.
- [26] Yan, J., Ahmad, A.S., 2008a. A Low-cost Attack on a Microsoft CAPTCHA. School of Computing Science Technical Report. Newcastle University, England.
- [27] Yan, J., Ahmad, A.S., 2008b. Usability of CAPTCHAs. Or usability issues in CAPTCHA design. Symposium On Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS). July 23-25 2008, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- [28] Wu, C.-S., Cheng, F.-F., Yen, D.C., Huang, Y.-W., 2010. User acceptance of wireless technology in organizations: A comparison of alternative models, Computer Standards & Interfaces, doi:10.1016/j.csi.2010.03.002.
- [29] Venkatesh, V., Morris, M.G., Davis, G.B., Davis, F.D., 2003. User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view, MIS Quarterly 27 (3), 425–478.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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