Influence of the Reclaim Addition to the Moulding Sand Matrix Obtained in the ALPHASET Technology on the Emission of Gases - Comparison with Moulding Sand with Furfuryl Resin

• Autorzy: Holtzer M. , Żymankowska-Kumon S. , Bobrowski A. , Kmita A. , Dańko R.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This study focuses on the ALPHASET process of mould making (Ester-Cured Alkaline Phenolic No-Bake). The cross – linking of alkaline phenolic resole resin by adding at least one kind of organic esters is the secondary popular system (after the technology of molding sands with furfuryl resins) with the advantages including low odour, virtually no smoke, easy to stripping, good finishing, low veining, minimal erosion, and very good hot strength. The phenolic resoles used in the system are prepared typically by reacting 30-55% formaldehyde solution with less phenol using a strong alkali catalyst, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide at the temperatures of below 110^oC (pH > 7). After removing parts of water this yields a thermal set phenolic resin solution with solid content 50-70%. In order to significantly increase strength and to improve the moisture and humidity resistance of sand mould, it is necessary to mix a little silence solution addition with resin binder (about 0.1 – 0.3% based on the amount of resin binder).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

innovatory materials; ecology; modern technologies

PL

innowacyjne materiały; technologia nowoczesna; ekologia

• Wydawca: Komisja Odlewnictwa Polskiej Akademii Nauk Oddział w Katowicach
• Czasopismo: Archives of Foundry Engineering
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 15, iss. 1 spec.
• Strony: 121--125
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 15 poz., wykr., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Holtzer M.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Żymankowska-Kumon S.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Bobrowski A.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Kmita A.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Dańko R.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] Ji, S., Wan, L. & Fan, Z. (2001). The toxic compounds and leaching characteristics of spent foundry sands. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, no.132, 347-364.
• [2] Gardziella, A., Pilato, L.A., Knop A. (2000). Phenolic resins: A century of progress. Pod redakcją Louis Pilato;: Phenolic resins: Chemistry, applications, Standardization, Safety and Ecology.2nd Edition. Springer – Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
• [3] Walton, C.F., Opar, T.J. (1981). Molding methods and materials, American Foundrymen's Society, 1962; Ed., Iron Casting Handbook, Iron Castings Society.
• [4] Holtzer M., Bobrowski A., Drożyński D., Makselon J., Isendorf B.: Investigations of properties of moulding sands with resins applied in the ALPHASET technology. Archives of Foundry Engineering, 2013 Vol. 13 spec. iss. 1, 31–37.
• [5] Holtzer, M., Bobrowski, A., Dańko, R., Kmita, A., Żymankowska-Kumon, S., Kubecki, M. & Górny, M. (2014). Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) from the furan moulding sands with addition of the reclaim. Metalurgija = Metallurgy, 53(4): 451–454.
• [6] Holtzer, M., Żymankowska-Kumon, S., Bobrowski, A., Dańko, R. & Kmita, A. (2014). The influence of reclaim addition on the emission of PAHs and BTEX from moulding sands with furfuryl resin with the average amount of furfuryl alcohol. Archives of Foundry Engineering, 14 (1): 37-42.
• [7] Stevenson, M. (1985). “Experiences of Reclaiming ALPHASET® Bonded Sand,” SCRATA Annual Conference.
• [8] Iyer, S.R. & Johnson, C.K. (1988). Reclamation of phenolic ester-cured nobake sands. Transactions of the American Foundry Society, Vol 96, 611.
• [9] Malone, M.D., Roth, J. & Trikha S.K. (1998). Thermal reclamation of ester-cured phenolic bonded sands: A case history. Transactions of the American Foundry Society, Vol. 105, 119–126.
• [10] Toussaint P.M. (2000). Method of improving the properties of reclaimed sand used for the production of foundry moulds and cores, U.S. Patent Number 6,015,846, January 18.
• [11] Holtzer, M., Dańko, R., Bobrowski, A., Żymankowska-Kumon, S., Kmita, A., Kubecki, A. (2014). Study of the harmfulness of molding and core sands with resins at high temperatur. Polska metalurgia w latach 2011–2014. Monografia. red. wyd. K. Świątkowski. Komitet Metalurgii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. Kraków 480–481 (in Polish).
• [12] Zgłoszenie patentowe P 398709 z dn. 2012-04-02 Station for research of the volume and harmfulness of gases compounds from the materials used in foundry and metallurgical processes (Poland).
• [13] Holtzer, M., Żymankowska-Kumon, S., Bobrowski, A., Dańko, R. & Kmita, A. (2012). Hazard evaluation curable phenolic resins in terms of CO2 emission of compounds from the group of BTEX and PAHs Archives of Foundry Engineering, 2012, Vol. 12, no 1, 129-133. (in Polish).
• [14] Mold & Core Test Handbook (II edycja), The American Foundrymen’s Society, Inc. Des Plaines w Illinois z roku 1995.
• [15] The final report of the project NCBiR No PBS2/A5/30/2013.