Studies on the Effect of a Covalently Bonded PGN Based Reactive Plasticizer on the Thermal Decomposition Behaviour of Glycidyl Azide Polymer

• Autorzy: Bodaghi Asghar , Shahidzadeh Mansour

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.22211/cejem/110025

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Plasticizers are one of the additives that are added to polymers to increase the plasticity or decrease the viscosity of the material. Here, we have synthesized and characterized a new PGN-based reactive energetic plasticizer that has an oligomeric structure. The reactive energetic plasticizer can be grafted onto glycidyl azide polymer via a Cu-free Huisgen azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The effect of the covalently bonded PGN-based plasticizer on the thermal properties of GAP-g-PGN copolymer has been investigated through thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicate that the glass transition temperature of the prepolymer is decreased from –47.8 to –50.7 °C. Also, the kinetics of the thermal behaviour of GAP-g-PGN copolymer was determined by the application of the Kissinger and FWO kinetic models. The activation energies calculated by the Kissinger method were 165 and 188 kJ/mol for peak 1 and peak 2, respectively. Furthermore, the critical temperature (Tb) of thermal explosion for this energetic copolymer was estimated to be 182 °C.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

plasticizer; reactive plasticizer; glycidyl azide polymer; kinetic study; activation energy

• Czasopismo: Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: Vol. 16, no. 2
• Strony: 259--280
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 45 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Bodaghi Asghar

• Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Material and Chemical Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, PO Box: 16765-3454, Lavizan, Tehran, Iran

autor

Shahidzadeh Mansour

• Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty of Material and Chemical Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, PO Box: 16765-3454, Lavizan, Tehran, Iran

Bibliografia

• [1] Kohga, M. From Cross-linking to Plasticization – Characterization of Glycerin/HTPB Blends. Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 2009, 34(5): 436-443.
• [2] Shankwalkar, S.G.; Cruz, C. Thermal Degradation and Weight Loss Characteristics of Commercial Phosphate Esters. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33(3): 740-743.
• [3] Gowariker, V.R.; Viswanathan, N.V.; Sreedhar, J. Polymer Science. 2nd ed., New Age International 2015; ISBN 0470203226.
• [4] Frankel, E.N.; Pryde, E.H. Acetoxymethyl Derivatives of Polyunsaturated Fatty Triglycerides as Primary Plasticizers for Polyvinylchloride. Patent US 4083816A, 1978.
• [5] Wypych, G. Handbook of plasticizers. 3rd ed., ChemTec Publishing, Elsevier 2017: P.27; ISBN 9781895198973.
• [6] Bohn, M.A. Determination of the Kinetic Data of the Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Plasticizers and Binders by Adiabatic Self-heating. Thermochim. Acta 1999, 337(1-2): 121-139.
• [7] Kumari, D.; Balakshe, R.; Banerjee, S.; Singh, H. Energetic Plasticizers for Gun and Rocket Propellants. Rev. J. Chem. 2012, 2(3): 240-262.
• [8] Chen, Y.; Kwon, Y.; Kim, J.S. Synthesis and Characterization of bis(2,2-Diisopropylethylene) Formal Plasticizer for Energetic Binders. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2012, 18(3): 1069-1075.
• [9] Provatas, A. Energetic Plasticizer Migration Studies. Energ. Mater. 2003, 21(4): 237-245.
• [10] Marcilla, A.; García, S.; Garcia-Quesada, J. Migratability of PVC Plasticizers. Polym. Test 2008, 27(2): 221-233.
• [11] Hakkarainen, M. Migration of Monomeric and Polymeric PVC Plasticizers. Adv. Polym. Sci. 2008, 211: 159-185.
• [12] Zhou, Y.; Long, X.; Wei, X. Theoretical Study on the Diffusive Transport of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in the Polymer-bonded Explosive. J. Mol. Model. 2011, 17: 3015-3019.
• [13] Nair, U.; Asthana, S.; Rao, A.S.; Gandhe, B. Advances in High Energy Materials. Defence Sci. J. 2010, 60(2): 137-151.
• [14] Yang, B.; Bai, Y.; Cao, Y. Effects of Inorganic Nano‐particles on Plasticizers Migration of Flexible PVC. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2010, 115(4): 2178-2182.
• [15] Bodaghi, A.; Shahidzadeh, M. Synthesis and Characterization of New PGN Based Reactive Oligomeric Plasticizers for Glycidyl Azide Polymer. Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 2018, 43: 364-370.
• [16] Mohan, Y.M.; Raju, M.P.; Raju, K.M. Synthesis, Spectral and DSC Analysis of Glycidylazide Polymers Containing Different Initiating Diol Units. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2004, 93(5): 2157-2163.
• [17] Liu, D.; Zheng, Y.; Steffen, W.; Wagner, M.; Butt, H.J.; Ikeda, T. Glycidyl 4-Functionalized-1,2,3-triazole Polymers. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2013, 214(1): 56-61.
• [18] Song, S.; Ko, Y.-G.; Lee, H.; Wi, D.; Ree, B.J.; Li, Y.; Michinobu, T.; Ree, M. High-Performance Triazole-containing Brush Polymers via Azide-Alkyne Click Chemistry: A New Functional Polymer Platform for Electrical Memory Devices. NPG Asia Mater. 2015, 7(e288): 228-240.
• [19] Shee, S.K.; Reddy, S.T.; Athar, J.; Sikder, A.K.; Talawar, M.; Banerjeeb, S.; Khan, S. Probing Plasticizers: Thermal, Rheological, and DFT Studies, the Compatibility of Energetic Binder Poly Glycidyl Nitrate with Energetic Plasticizer. RSC Adv. 2015, 5(123): 101297-101308.
• [20] Pant, C.S.; Wagh, R.M.; Nair, J.K.; Gore, G.M.; Venugopalan, S. Synthesis, and Characterization of Two Potential Energetic Azido Esters. Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 2006, 31(6): 477-481.
• [21] Kumari, D.; Anjitha, S.; Pant, C.S.; Patil, M.; Singh, H.; Banerjee, S. Synthetic Approach to Novel Azido Esters and Their Utility as Energetic Plasticizers. RSC Adv. 2014, 4(75): 39924-39933.
• [22] Ang, H.G., Pisharath, S. Energetic Polymers. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim/Chichester, 2012; ISBN 9783527331550.
• [23] Shaojun, Q.; Huiqing, F.; Chao, G.; Xiaodong, Z.; Xiaoxian, G. An Azido Ester Plasticizer 1,3‐Di(Azidoacetoxy)‐2,2‐Di(Azidomethyl) Propane (PEAA): Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Properties. Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 2006, 31(3): 205-208.
• [24] Drees, D.; Löffel, D.; Messmer, A.; Schmid, K. Synthesis and Characterization of Azido Plasticizer. Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 1999, 24(3): 159-162.
• [25] Zhang, Z.; Wang, G.; Luo, N.; Huang, M.; Jin, M.; Luo, Y. Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Thermoplastic Elastomers of Poly(glycidyl nitrate). J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131(21): 40961-40966.
• [26] Hai, C. The Investigation of Thermal Decomposition Kinetics for PNIMMO by TG-MS. Initiators and Pyrotechnics. 2007, 2(4): 32-35.
• [27] Mohan, Y.M.; Raju, K.M.; Sreedhar, B. Synthesis and Characterization of Glycidylazide Polymer with Enhanced Azide Content. Int. J. Polym. Mater. 2006, 55(6): 441-455.
• [28] Lua, A.C.; Su, J. Isothermal and Non-isothermal Pyrolysis Kinetics of Kapton® Polyimide. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2006, 91(1): 144-153.
• [29] Sivalingam, G.; De, P.; Karthik, R.; Madras, G. Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Vinyl Polyperoxide Copolymers. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2004, 84(1): 173-179.
• [30] Morancho, J.; Salla, J.; Ramis, X.; Cadenato, A. Comparative Study of the Degradation Kinetics of Three Powder Thermoset Coatings. Thermochim. Acta 2004, 419(1): 181-187.
• [31] Flynn, J.H.; Wall, L.A. A Quick Direct Method for the Determination of Activation Energy from Thermogravimetric Data. J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Lett. 1966, 4(5): 323-328.
• [32] Kissinger, H.E. Reaction Kinetics in Differential Thermal Analysis. Anal. Chem. 1957, 29(11): 1702-1706.
• [33] Chizari, M.; Bayat, Y. Synthesis and Kinetic Study of a PCL-GAP-PCL Tri-block Copolymer. Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater. 2018, 15(2): 243-257.
• [34] Salla, J.; Morancho, J.; Cadenato, A.; Ramis, X. Non-isothermal Degradation of a Thermoset Powder Coating in Inert and Oxidant Atmospheres. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2003, 72(2): 719-728.
• [35] Li, L.; Guan, C.; Zhang, A.; Chen, D.; Qing, Z. Thermal Stabilities and the Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Polyimides. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2004, 84(3): 369-373.
• [36] Shekhar, P.C.; Santosh, M.S.; Banerjee, S.; Khanna, P.K. Single-Step Synthesis of Nitro‐Functionalized Hydroxyl‐Terminated Polybutadiene. Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 2013, 38(6): 748-753.
• [37] Rantuch, P.; Kačíková, D.; Nagypál, B. Investigation of Activation Energy of Polypropylene Composite Thermooxidation by Model-free Methods. Eur. J. Environ. Saf. Sci. 2014, 2(1): 12-18.
• [38] Wang, H.; Tao, X.; Newton, E. Thermal Degradation Kinetics and Lifetime Prediction of a Luminescent Conducting Polymer. Polym. Int. 2004, 53(1): 20-26.
• [39] Wan, C.; Tian, G.; Cui, N.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y. Processing Thermal Stability and Degradation Kinetics of Poly(vinyl Chloride)/Montmorillonite Composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2004, 92(3): 1521-1526.
• [40] Olszak-Humienik, M.; Mozejko, J. Thermodynamic Functions of Activated Complexes Created in Thermal Decomposition Processes of Sulphates. Thermochim. Acta 2000, 344(1-2): 73-79.
• [41] Pickard, J.M. Critical Ignition Temperature. Thermochim. Acta 2002, 392-393: 37-40.
• [42] Rodgers, R.N.; Janney, J.L.; Ebinger, M.H. Kinetic-isotope Effects in Thermal Explosions. Thermochim. Acta 1982, 59(3): 287-298.
• [43] Zhang, T.L.; Hu, R.Z.; Xie, Y.; Li, F.P. The Estimation of Critical Temperatures of Thermal Explosion for Energetic Materials using Non-isothermal DSC. Thermochim. Acta 1994, 244: 171-176.
• [44] Dong, J.; Ou, J.-Y.; Zhu, L.; Li, B. Thermal Decomposition Kinetic Study of Azidoterminated Glycidyl Azide Polymer. Chin. J. Energ. Mater. (Hanneng Cailiao) 2016, 24(6): 555-559.
• [45] Sun, J.; Li, Y.; Hasegawa, K. A Study of Self-accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) using Reaction Calorimetry. J. Loss Prevent. Proc. 2001, 14(5): 331-336.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).