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This paper attempts to provide a review of the recent and current state of the art of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) affects the environment and human rights bifurcation of green ICT’s. The review has revealed that currently dominant approach is either a micro-level case study approach or a micro-level statistical approach. It is inferred that a more predictive and empirical model, which could be applied within a sector of society, ought to be more beneficial in the long term. Moreover, there is growing enthusiasm for the benefits of ‘green’ ICT’s, but a general oversight among environmental activists and conscionable consumers, not to mention policymakers, is the assumption that usage of a product is the only segment of that item’s lifecycle with environmental impacts. Post-disposal and re-manufacture challenges tend to be forgotten in state or corporate boosterism about ‘green’ technologies in telecommunications, with the costs being suffered by human beings and ecosystems far away from consumers. Consequently, human rights are at stake, with a conflict brewing among contemporary conceptions of human rights concerning development, telecommunications, telematics and environmental protection. AGH-UST Open University contributes to partnership in this field of experts and knowledge-based society.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
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33--38
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 34 poz.
Twórcy
autor
- AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza Ave 30, PL 30 - 059 Krakow, Poland
autor
- AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza Ave 30, PL 30 - 059 Krakow, Poland
autor
- AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza Ave 30, PL 30 - 059 Krakow, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] SCF Associates Ltd.: A Green Knowledge Society: An ICT Policy Agenda to 2015 for Europe’s Future Knowledge Society; A Study for the Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications, Government Offices of Sweden. SCF Associates, Ltd., Bucks, UK (2009)
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- [3] DOBROWOLSKI, J.W.: Ecotoxicology, human ecology. laser biotechnology in primary prevention of environmental health hazard, Przeglad Lekarski. vol. 58, pp. 1-4 (2001)
- [4] TADEUSIEICZ, R., DOBROWOLSKI, J.W.: Artificial Intelligence and Primary Prevention of Health Hazrds Related to Changes of Elements in the Environment, Polish Journal of Environmental Studis, Vol. 13, No.3, pp. 349-352 (2004)
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- [6] DOBROWOLSKI, J.W.: Laser biostimulation and nutritional prevention of essential trace elements deficiency, Magzine o Hmadard Tibbi College,Medicial School, Hmadard University Press, New Delhi, pp. 5-11 (1986)
- [7] DOBROWOLSKI, J.W.: Cell monitoring of elements. Measurement of elements in single blood cells of healthy and leukaemic people and cattle, Mengen-und Spuren-Elemente, M. Anke et al.,eds, Schubert-Verlag, Leipzig, pp. 469-472 (1990)
- [8] DOBROWOLSKI, J.W.: Innovative biological monitoring and laser biotechnology for sustainbale development, Proceedings of the Symposium, Union des Terre de Rivieres, G.D.Salve, B.Pizzo, eds, Offizina Edizioni, Universita la Sapienza, Roma (2006)
- [9] HEINONEN, S., JOKINEN, P., KAIVO-OJA, J.: The ecological transparency of the information society. Futures. Vol. 33, pp. 319–337 (2001)
- [10] MACAULEY, M., PALMER, K., SHIH, J-S.: Dealing with electronic waste: modeling the costs and environmental benefits of computer monitor disposal. J Environ Manag. Vol. 68(1), pp. 13–22 (2003)
- [11] HILTY, L.M., et al.: The relevance of information and communication technologies for environmental sustainability – a prospective simulation study. J. Environ Model Software. Vol. 21, pp. 1618-1629 (2006)
- [12] GOODMAN, J., ALAKESON, V.: The future impact of ICT on environmental sustainability: scenarios (third interim report). London: Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) (2003)
- [13] TOFFEL, M.W., HORVATH, A.: Environmental implications of wireless technologies: news delivery and business meetings. J. Environ Sci Technol. Vol.38(11), pp. 2961–70 (2004)
- [14] FREY, S.D., HARRISON, D.D.J., BILLETT E.H.: Environmental assessment of electronic products using LCA and ecological footprint. Joint International Congress and Exhibition. Electronics goes green. Berlin, Germany (2000)
- [15] PUNAKIVI, M., HOLMSTROE, M.J.: Environmental performance improvement potentials by food home delivery. 13th Nofoma Conference. Reykjavik (2001)
- [16] Vertatique, 2011.: Vertatique – green ICT: sustainable computing, media, e-devices. March 24 (2011)
- [17] BERNERS-LEE, M.: How Bad are Bananas? The Carbon Footprint of Everything. Greystone Books, Vancouver, pp. 113–114 (2011)
- [18] SEO, D., RANGANATHAN, C., BABAD, Y.: Two-level model of customer retention in the US mobile telecommunications service market. Telecommunications Policy 32 (3–4), 182–196 (2008)
- [19] BERGQUIST, L.: Unloading that old TV not quite so simple. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, January 23(2009)
- [20] WEISE, E.: Old TVs cause new problems. USA Today, January 27 (2009)
- [21] International Telecommunications Union.: Guidelines for the Transition from Analogue to Digital Broadcasting. ITU, Geneva, Switzerland (2010)
- [22] MORGAN, R.: Tips and tricks for recycling old computers. SmartBiz, August 21 (2006)
- [23] HARRIS, M.: E-mail from America: Buy-back Gadgets. The Sunday Times, August 17, (2008)
- [24] FILDES, N.: Mountain of discarded mobiles grows at ‘frightening’ rate. The Independent, December, 24 (2007)
- [25] US EPA, US Environmental Protection Agency.: e-Cycle cell phones. March 29 (2011)
- [26] THORNE, M.: Establishing environment as a human right. Denver Journal of International Law and Policy. Vol. 19 (2), pp. 301–342 (1991)
- [27] EASLEY, C. E., et al.: The Challenge and Place of International Human Rights in Public Health. American Journal of Public Health. Vol. 91 (12), pp. 1922–1925 (2001)
- [28] WESTING, A. H.: Towards a universal recognition of environmental responsibilities. J. Environmental Conservation. Vol. 26, pp. 157–158 (1999)
- [29] CRAMER, B.W.: The Human Right to Information, the Environment and Information about the Environment: From the Universal Declaration to the Aarhus Convention. Communication Law and Policy. Vol. 14, pp. 73–103 (2009)
- [30] MITCHELL, N.J., MCCORMICK, J.M.: Economic and political explanations of human rights violations. World Politics. Vol. 40 (4), pp. 476–498 (1988)
- [31] HODSON, S.: Does your cell phone come with blood on it? The Inquisitr, November 3 (2008)
- [32] KRISTOFF, N.D.: Is your phone a cause of war? New York Times Upfront, November 8–22, pp. 10-11 (2010)
- [33] Human Rights Watch.: New global survey analyzes war and human rights. Human Rights Watch (2004)
- [34] MAIESE, M.: “Human Rights Violations.” Beyond Intractability. Eds. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder. Posted: July (2003) http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/human-rightsviolations
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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bwmeta1.element.baztech-08e80fde-5345-4f24-aee4-47d1ff0951de