Nanoparticles as radiosensitizers in photon and hadron radiotherapy

• Autorzy: Kubiak T.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Nanocząstki jako radiouczulacze w radioterapii fotonowej i hadronowej

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The article presents the possibility of utilizing nanoparticles as radiosensitizers both in X-ray and hadron therapy. Local reinforcement of the effect of the dose can be obtained by means of gadolinium, platinum, and gold nanoparticles, which are able to intensify the emission of photoelectrons and Auger electrons after the X-ray irradiation or increase the generation of low-energy electrons during hadron therapy. Such electrons induce water radiolysis in the vicinity of nanoparticles and create radicals that damage cancer cells. In addition to the presentation of the mechanisms responsible for radiosensitizing properties of nanoparticles, selected animal, cell culture and simulation experiments are mentioned. Attention is also drawn to the most important problems, which must be solved before clinical application of nanoparticles. The broadly defined biocompatibility is the basic feature required from radiosensitizing agents injected into the patient’s body. The effective delivery of nanoparticles to the target and obtaining the proper concentration and distribution within the tumor volume present a biggest challenge.

PL

Artykuł prezentuje możliwość wykorzystania nanocząstek jako radiouczulaczy zarówno w radioterapii fotonowej jak i terapii hadronowej. Lokalne wzmocnienie efektu dawki może być uzyskane dzięki nanocząstkom gadolinu, platyny i złota. Są one zdolne do zintensyfikowania emisji fotoelektronów i elektronów Augera przy napromienieniu fotonami X albo do zwiększenia emisji niskoenergetycznych elektronów podczas terapii hadronowej. Takie elektrony indukują radiolizę wody w sąsiedztwie nanocząstek, a generowane rodniki niszczą komórki nowotworu. Oprócz omówienia mechanizmów odpowiedzialnych za radiouczulające właściwości nanocząstek, przedstawiono wybrane eksperymenty symulacyjne oraz doświadczenia na hodowlach komórkowych i zwierzętach. Zwrócono również uwagę na najważniejsze problemy, które muszą zostać rozwiązane przed zastosowaniem nanocząstek w praktyce klinicznej. Szeroko zdefiniowana biokompatybilność jest podstawową własnością, jaką muszą posiadać środki radiouczulające, wstrzykiwane pacjentowi. Wciąż dużym wyzwaniem pozostaje efektywne dostarczanie nanocząstek tak, aby uzyskać ich wymagane stężenie i równomierny rozkład w objętości nowotworu.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

nanoparticles; radiosensitizers; Auger electrons; radiotherapy; hadron therapy; photon radiotherapy

PL

nanocząstki; radiouczulacze; elektrony Augera; radioterapia; terapia hadronowa; radioterapia fotonowa

• Wydawca: Jacek Doskocz
• Czasopismo: Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: Vol. 23, nr 1
• Strony: 29--36
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 44 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Kubiak T.

• Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza, Wydział Fizyki, Zakład Fizyki Medycznej, 61-614 Poznań, ul. Umultowska 85

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