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The kinetics of and mechanism for galvanising low-carbon steel (0.2% C) were examined in powder media which were pre-treated to obtain a fine nanostructured ZnO layer on the surface of zinc powder particles. The effective diffusion coefficient of Zn atoms through the ZnO shell was estimated to be in the order of 1·10ˉ¹º m²·sˉ¹. The contribution of the Zn-gas evaporation/condensation microprocesses, which could occur in relation to the above diffusion through a nanostructured surface layer, was evaluated with numerical calculations in the temperature range of 550–950 K and for an average particle size of ZnO up to 100 nm. Our results suggest that the outward diffusion of metallic zinc takes place from the core of powder microparticles across the nano-grain boundaries of their modified surface layer, and can be further intensified by the presence of other inter-phase defects, such as nano porosity.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
art. no. e2021009
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 21 poz., il., wykr., tab., wz.
Twórcy
autor
- Vika-Gal Co., Ltd, Chelyabinsk, Russia
autor
- Physico-technical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
autor
- South Ural State University (NRU), Chelyabinsk, Russia
autor
- Faculty of Environmental and Power Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1. Adamson, A.W., Gast, A.P. (1997). Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 6th edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
- 2. Brandes, E.A., & Brook, G.B. (Eds.). (1992). Smithells Metals Reference Book, 7th edition, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
- 3. Galin, R.G., Sheinkman, A.I., Voroshnin, L.G., Ostryakov, V.V., Lunegov, B.N. (1988), Patent USSR No. 1534091 (application on 1988/04/27).
- 4. Galin, R.G., Voroshnin, A.L. (1996). New technology to manufacture powder saturation mixtures for diffusion galvanizing, Met Sci Heat Treat, 1, 21–25. DOI: 10.1007/BF01153868.
- 5. Galin, R.G., Astrejko, L.A. (2008). Diffusion zinc coatings obtained in hydrothermally treated powder media, Uprochniajushtee technologii i pokrytia, 1(28), 28–32.
- 6. Galin, R.G., Shaburova, N.A., Zakharyevich, D.A. (2016). Thermal diffusion galvanizing in ferriferous zinc powder, Mat Sci Forum, 870, 129–134. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.870.129
- 7. Galin, R.G., Zakharyevich, D.A., Ruschitz, S.V. (2016). Formation and Structure of Diffusional Zinc Coatings Formed in Nanocrystallized Zinc Powders, Mat Sci Forum, 870, 404–408. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.870.404
- 8. GOST 19440-94. Metallic powders. Determination of apparent density. Part 1. Funnel method. Part 2. Scott volumeter method.
- 9. GOST 18318-94. (1997). Metallic powders. Determination of particle size by dry sieving.
- 10. GOST 12601-76 (cl. 4.3.2). (1976). Zinc powder. Specifications.
- 11. GOST R 9.316-2006. (2006). Unified system of corrosion and ageing protection. Thermodiffusion zinc coatings. General requirements and control methods.
- 12. GOST 1050:2013. (2013). Metal products from no alloyed structural quality and special steels. General specifications.
- 13. Hass, G., & Thuns R.E. (Eds). (1969). Physics of Thin Films: Advances in Research and Development, vol. 5, New York: Academic Press.
- 14. Izvekov, V.I., Gorbunov, N.S. (1969). Radiometry of diffusion in metal compounds, Moscow: Nauka.
- 15. Kazenas, E.K., Astakhova, G.K., Penkina, T.N. (1998). On the issue of estimating the evaporation rate of metals, Metals, 1, 33–40.
- 16. Kubaschewski, O., Alcock, C.B. (1979). Metallurgical Thermochemistry, 5th edition, Oxford: Pergamon Press.
- 17. Kuklik, V., Kudlacek, J. (2016). Hot-Dip Galvanizing of Steel Structures, Elsevier Ltd.
- 18. Missol, W. (1975). Energia powierzchni rozdziału faz w metalach, Katowice: Wydawnictwo Śląsk.
- 19. Proskurkin, E.V., Gorbunov, N.S. (1972). Diffusion zinc coatings, Moscow: Metallurgiya.
- 20. Proskurkin, E.V., Gorbunov N.S. (1975). Galvanizing, Sherardizing and Other Zinc Diffusion Coatings. English translation by Hayler, D.E., UK: Technicopy Ltd. and Zinc Development Association, Stonehouse.
- 21. Revie, R.W., Uhlig, H.H. (2008). Corrosion and Corrosion Control: An Introduction to Corrosion Science and Engineering, 4th edition, John Wiley & Sons.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-06cafbea-6a0b-46c8-975d-b8c114d8b83c