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Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) represents the largest readily available bioresource of alkenyl phenolic compounds. (CNSL) and its derivatives are widely used in polymer-based industries, synthesis of chemicals and intermediates, including bactericides, insecticides and surface active agents. In this work extraction of cashew nut shell liquid from cashew nut shell (CNS) was carried out by using the Soxhlet extraction method in the presence of polar & non-polar solvents. From the extracted CNSL, anacardic acid was selectively isolated and acid free CNSL was treated with liquor ammonia to separate the cardanol and cardol in the stepwise manner. Comparative study for the extracted CNSL and S-was performed. Higher amount of extracted CNSL was obtained from polar solvents. They were all characterized using quantitative analysis by HPLC.
Słowa kluczowe
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Tom
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24--27
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 16 poz., rys., tab., wykr., wz.
Twórcy
autor
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Department of Applied Chemistry, Surat-395007, Gujarat, India
autor
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Department of Applied Chemistry, Surat-395007, Gujarat, India
autor
- Department of Surface Coating and Technology, ISTAR, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388120, Gujarat, India
Bibliografia
- 1. Mohanty, A.K., Misra, M. & Hinrichsen, G. (2000). Biofi - bres, biodegradable polymers and biocomposites: An overview, Macromol. Mater. Eng., vol. 276-277, Issue 1, pp. 1-24.
- 2. Patel, R.N., Ban dyopadhyay, S. & Ganesh, A. (2006). A Simple Model for Super Critical fl uid Extraction of Bio Oils from Biomass, A- Bioresour Technol., vol. 97, pp. 847.
- 3. Mazzetto, S.E., Lomonaco, D. & Mele, G. (2009). Cashew nut oil: opportunities and challenges in the context of sustainable industrial development J. Quimica Nova, vol. 32, pp. 732.
- 4. Kumar, S.P., Kumar, A., Kumar, S.N. & Kaushik, C. (2009). Experimentation on solvent extraction of polyphenols from natural waste, J. Mater. Sci., vol. 44, pp. 5894-5899.
- 5. Phani, P.K., Paramashivappa, R.P., Vithayathil, J.P., Subba Rao, V. & Rao, S. (2002). Process for isolation of cardanol from technical cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut shell liquid, J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 50, pp. 4705.
- 6. Tyman, J.H.P., Jhonson, R.A., Muir, M. & Rokhgar, R. (1989). The Extraction of Natural Cashew Nut-Shell Liquid from Anacardium occidentale, J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., vol. 68, pp. 553-557.
- 7. Shobha, S.V. & Ravindranath, B. (1991). Supercritical carbon dioxide and solvent extraction of the phenolic lipids of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) shells, J. Agric. Food. Chem., vol. 39, pp. 2214-2217.
- 8. Prabhakaran, K., Narayanan, A. & Pavithran, C. (2001). Cardanol as a Disper-sant for an Alumina/Toluene Tape Casting Slip, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., vol. 21, pp. 2873.
- 9. Tyman, J.H.P. (1996). Synthesis and Natural Phenolic Studies in organic chemistry, vol. 52. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 518-521.
- 10. Menon, A.R.R., Pillai, C.K.S., Sudha, J.D. & Mathew, A.G. (1985). Cashew nut shell liquidsIts polymeric and other industrial products J. Sci. Ind. Res., vol. 44, pp. 324-338.
- 11. Gedam, P.H,P., Sampath Kumaran, S. & Sivasambavan, M.A. (1972). Examination of components of cashew nut shell liquid by NMR, Ind. J. Chem., vol. 10, pp. 388-391.
- 12. Menon, A.R., Pillai, C.K., Sudha, J.D. & Mathew, A.G. (1985). Cashew nut shell liquid-its polymeric and other industrialproducts, J. Sci. Ind. Res., vol. 44, pp. 44-324.
- 13. Tyman, J.H.P. (1981). U.S. Patent application 587,058.
- 14. Klimisch, H.J. & Andreae, M.U. (1997). A systematic approach for evaluating the quality of experimental toxicological and ecotoxicological data. Tillmann, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. vol. 25, pp. 1.
- 15. Gandhi, T.S., Patel, M. & Dholakiya, B. (2012). Studies on effect of various solvents on extraction of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and isolation of major phenolic constituents from extracted CNSL, J. Nat. Prod. Plant. Resour., vol. 2 (1), pp. 135-142.
- 16. Gandhi, T.S., Patel, M. & Dholakiya, B. (2013). Synthesis and characterization of different types of epoxide-based Mannich polyols from low-cost cashew nut shell liquid. DOI: 10.1007/ s11164-013-1034-2.
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Bibliografia
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bwmeta1.element.baztech-05fe0465-6c5e-49d1-8363-cf1eeecf8ec3