PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
Tytuł artykułu

The Assessment of Heavy Metals and Natural Radioactivity in the Phosphate Tailings at Minjingu Mines in Tanzania

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Extraction and processing of the phosphate rocks has produced a massive amount of waste and posed a significant environmental concern. The majority of wastes generated in the fertiliser industry are overburden or waste rocks from mining, and phosphate tailings (PTs) or phosphogyp-sum from the beneficiation process. Phosphate rock mining and beneficiation expose heavy metals and radionuclides into the environment, which are harmful to living things. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration levels of heavy metals and radionuclides activity in the phosphate tailings at Minjingu mines in northen of Tanzania. Heavy metals content and radionu-clide activity concentration were determined using energy dispersive X-ray fluoresence spectroscopy (ED-XRF) and high pure garmin energy detector (HPGe), respectively. The concentration of heavy metals investigated ranges: Cu – 12.9–27.3 mg∙kg-1, Fe – 7944.2–19052.2) mg∙kg-1, Mn – 410.9–474) mg∙kg-1, Ni – 1.9–13.2) mg∙kg-1, Al – 3597–13129.2) mg∙kg-1, Zn – 195.2–281.7) mg∙kg-1, Pb – 0.7–4.5) mg∙kg-1 and As – 2.7–11.3) mg∙kg-1. The result revealed that, the concentration level of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Ni, As, and Pb) are below the permissible level while concentration level for Zn has high concentration compared to permissible level limit. However, the activity concentration of radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were ranging from 311 to 7,606 Bqkg-1, 207 to 654 Bqkg-1 and 131 to 762 Bqkg-1, respectively. The reported results of activity concentration of radionuclides are found to be higher compared to the recommended world value. The study results will be used as a guide for decision making in addressing problems observed in phosphate tailings, including radiation safety standards for workers and environmental systems in phosphate mines.
Rocznik
Strony
269--277
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 29 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
  • Ministry of Minerals, The Mining Commission, P.O. Box 2292, Dodoma, Tanzania
  • School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
  • School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
Bibliografia
  • 1. Abd El-Halim, E., AL-abrdi, A. 2021. Relations between radionuclides activities and Pb concentration on different rock types. Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, 24(3), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.21608/ajnsa.2021.50965.1419
  • 2. Ademola, A.K., Bello, A.K., Adejumobi, A.C. 2014. Determination of natural radioactivity and hazard in soil samples in and around gold mining area in Itagunmodi, south-western, Nigeria. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 7(3), 249–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2014.06.001
  • 3. Al Shaaibi, M., Ali, J., Duraman, N., Tsikouras, B., Masri, Z. 2021. Assessment of radioactivity concentration in intertidal sediments from coastal provinces in Oman and estimation of hazard and radiation indices. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112442
  • 4. Banzi, F.P., Kifanga, L.D., Bundala, F.M. 2000. Contact us My IOPscience Natural radioactivity and radiation exposure at the Minjingu phosphate mine in Tanzania Natural radioactivity and radiation exposure at the Minjingu phosphate mine in Tanzania. Journal of Radiological Protection, 20(November, 1999), 41–51.
  • 5. Boumaza, B., Kechiched, R., Chekushina, T.V.2021. Trace metal elements in phosphate rock wastes from the Djebel Onk mining area (Tébessa, eastern Algeria): A geochemical study and environmental implications. Applied Geochemistry, 127(December 2020), 104910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2021.104910
  • 6. Chiu, Y.P., Li, D. W., Shiau, Y.C. 2016. Study on heavy metal characteristics of soil in phosphorus tailings. Journal of Residuals Science and Technology, 13(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.12783/issn.1544-8053/13/1/1
  • 7. Corisco, J.A.G., Mihalík, J., Madruga, M.J., Prudêncio, M.I., Marques, R., Santos, M., Reis, M. 2017. Natural Radionuclides, Rare Earths and Heavy Metals Transferred to the Wild Vegetation Covering a Phosphogypsum Stockpile at Barreiro, Portugal. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 228(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3413-6
  • 8. E.R. Atta, Kh. M. Zakaria, M.S.I. 2016. Assessment of the Heavy Metals and Natural Radioactivity in Phosphate Mines and Occupational Health Effects at Some Egyptian Regions. Environmental Protection, 1–11.
  • 9. Ghose, S., Akhter, M., Islam, S.M.A., Shahabuddin, M., Rahman, M.M. 2013. Assessment of radioactive pollution around a fertilizerfactory complex in the North-Eastern part of Bangladesh. Radioprotection, 48(4), 575–591. https://doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2013074
  • 10. Júnior, J.A. dos S., Araújo, E.E.N. de, Fernández, Z.H., Amaral, R. dos S., Santos, J.M. do N., Milán, M.O. 2021. Measurement of natural radioactivity and radium equivalent activity for pottery making clay samples in Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte – Brazil. Environmental Advances, 6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2021.100121
  • 11. Lolila, F., Mazunga, M.S. 2023. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences Measurements of natural radioactivity and evaluation of radiation hazard indices in soils around the Manyoni uranium deposit in Tanzania. 16(December 2022).
  • 12. Manigandan, P.K., Shekar, B.C. 2014. Evaluation of radionuclides in the terrestrial environment of Western Ghats. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 7(April), 310–316.
  • 13. Masok, F.B., Masiteng, P.L., Mavunda, R.D., Maleka, P.P., Winkler, H. 2018. Measurement of radioactivity concentration in soil samples around phosphate rock storage facility in Richards Bay, South Africa. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 11(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2017.10.006
  • 14. Ofomola, O.M., Ugbede, F.O., Anomohanran, O. 2023. Environmental risk assessment of background radiation, natural radioactivity and toxic elements in rocks and soils of Nkalagu quarry, Southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, 10(March), 100288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2023.100288
  • 15. Orosun, M.M., Usikalu, M.R., Oyewumi, K.J., Omeje, M., Awolola, G.V., Ajibola, O., Tibbett, M. 2022. Soil-to-plant transfer of 40K, 238U and 232Th and radiological risk assessment of selected mining sites in Nigeria. Heliyon, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11534
  • 16. Sahu, S.K., Ajmal, P.Y., Bhangare, R.C., Tiwari, M., aPandit, G.G. 2014. Natural radioactivity assessment of a phosphate fertilizer plant area. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 7(1), 123–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2014.01.001
  • 17. Tóth, G., Hermann, T., Da Silva, M.R., Montanarella, L. 2016. Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the European Union with implications for food safety. Environment International, 88, 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.017
  • 18. UNSCEAR. 2008. United Nations scientific committee on the effect of atomic radiation, sources and effects of ionizing radiation. In United Nations: Vol. I. http://www.unscear.org/docs/reports/2008/09-86753_Report_2008_Annex_B.pdf
  • 19. Zohra Farid, Mohamed Abdennouri, Noureddine Barka, M.S. 2022. Grade-recovery beneficing and optimizationof the froth flotation process of a mid-low phosphate ore using a mixed sotbean and sunflower oil as a collector. Appliend Surface Science Advances. https.//doi.org/10.1016/j.apsadv.2022.100287, 11(100287).
  • 20. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),. 2014. Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources:International Basic safety Standards. In International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna, 104(2), 232–233). https://doi.org/10.1097/hp.0b013e3182751a99
  • 21. Gaafar, I., El-Shershaby, A., Zeidan, I., El-Ahll, L.S. 2016. Natural radioactivity and radiation hazard assessment of phosphate mining, Quseir-Safaga area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics, 5(1), 160–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrjag.2016.02.002
  • 22. Hazou, E., Patchali, T.E. 2021. Assessment of radiological hazards in the phosphate mining area of Kpogamé, Togo. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 3 (November 2020), 100077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2020.100077
  • 23. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). 2013. Radiation Protection and Management of NORM Residues in the Phosphate Industry, Safety Reports Series No. 78 (p. 288).
  • 24. Khelifi, M., Salah, R. Ben, Ouselati, M., Baltas, H. 2019. Measurements of chemical and radionuclide concentrations in the phosphate deposits around Gafsa in Tunisia Measurements of chemical and radionuclide concentrations in the phosphate deposits around Gafsa in Tunisia. 7 (February), 90–104.
  • 25. Lema M.W., Ijumba, J.N., Njau, K.N., Ndakidemi, P.A., Arusha, P.O.B.N., Republic, U. 2014. Environmental contamination by radionuclides and heavy metals through the application of phosphate rocksduring farming and mathematical modeling of their impacts to the ecosystem. International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, 2(4), 852–863.
  • 26. Pathak, B. 1989. Health effects of Ionizing Radiation. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
  • 27. Qamouche, K., Chetaine, A., Elyahyaoui, A., Moussaif, A., Touzani, R., Benkdad, A., Amsil, H., Laraki, K., Marah, H. 2020. Radiological characterization of phosphate rocks, phosphogypsum, phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizers in Morocco: An assessment of the radiological hazard impact on the environment. Materials Today: Proceedings, 27, 3234–3242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.703
  • 28. Weiss, L.J. 2016. The Effects of Radon Exposure on Physical and Psychological Health. University of the Health Sciences, United States of America.
  • 29. Yiin, J.H., Daniels, R.D., Kubale, T.L., Dunn, K.L., Stayner, L.T. 2016. A study update of mortality in workers at a phosphate fertilizer production facility. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 59(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22542
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-0488cfb8-78ac-4834-9cdf-35667717e9e1
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.