Jurassic tetrapod footprint ichnofaunas and ichnofacies of the Western Interior, USA

• Autorzy: Lockley M. , Gierlinski G.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/17313708 .1130134

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The Jurassic tetrapod track record of the Western Interior, USA, is one of the most diverse, complete and well-studied in the world, spanning a relatively continuous representation of Lower, Middle and Upper Jurassic formations. Although a few of these formations, notably the Morrison Formation, have yielded abundant body fossils, the majority lack abundant skeletal remains and, while trackrich, are in some cases completely barren of body fossils. Thus, the track record assumes great importance as the most complete and representative record of changing tetrapod faunas through time in a region where the body fossil record is often sparse or absent. In the Lower and Middle Jurassic, many distinctive assemblages are associated with eolian units (Wingate, Navajo and Entrada) that are almost devoid of body fossils. However, the former two units are rich in synapsid tracks characterized as the Brasilichnium ichnofacies. In the Middle Jurassic, fluctuating sea-levels exerted important controls on the distribution of theropod and pterosaur-dominated ichnofaunas associated with coastal plain and marginal marine settings. The Morrison ichnofauna is a reliable reflection of the body fossil record of that formation. Ongoing efforts to group and classify the various tetrapod ichnofaunas into tetrapod ichnofacies and tetrapod biochron categories have, in some cases, provoked stimulating, if sometimes inconclusive, debate.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Jurassic; footprints; ichnofacies; dinosaurs; pterosaurs; Western Interior

PL

jura; ślady; dinozaury

• Wydawca: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Volumina Jurassica
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: Vol. 12, no. 2
• Strony: 133--150
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 134 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Lockley M.

• Dinosaur Trackers Research Group, Campus Box 172, University of Colorado Denver, 80217-3364, USA; Moab Giants, PO Box 573, Moab, Utah 84532, USA

autor

Gierlinski G.

• Polish Geological Institute – Polish Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Poland; Moab Giants, PO Box 573, Moab, Utah 84532, USA

Bibliografia

• 1.ALBERS S.H., 1975 — Paleoenvironment of the Upper Triassic– Lower Jurassic (?)Nugget (?) Sandstone Near Heber, Utah. MS thesis, Salt Lake City, University of Utah.
• 2.ANDERSON O.J., LUCAS S.G., 1992 — The Middle Jurassic Summerville Formation, northern New Mexico. New Mexico Geology, 14: 79–92.
• 3.ANDERSON O.J., LUCAS S.G., 1997 — The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in the Four Corners Region. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 48: 139–155.
• 4.BAIRD D., 1980 — A prosauropod dinosaur trackway from the Navajo Sandstone (Lower Jurassic). In: Aspects of vertebrate history: Essays in honor of Edwin Harris Colbert (Ed. L.L. Jacobs): 219–230. Museum of Northern Arizona Press, Flagstaff.
• 5.BREITHAUPT B.H., MATTHEWS N.A., NOBLE T.A., 2004 — An integrated approach to three-dimensional data collection at dinosaur tracksites in the Rocky Mountain West. Ichnos, 11: 11–16.
• 6.BROMLEY R.G., 1996 — Trace fossils. 2nd Ed. Chapman Hall, London.
• 7.CAMP C.L., 1936 — A new type of small bipedal dinosaur from the Navajo Sandstone of Arizona. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, 24: 39–56.
• 8.CASTANERA D., PASCUAL C., RAZZOLINI NL., VILA B., BARCO J.L. et al., 2013 — Discriminating between mediumsized tridactyl trackmakers: Tracking ornithopod tracks in the base of the Cretaceous (Berriasian, Spain). PLoS ONE, 8 (11): e81830. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081830.
• 9.CHURE D.J., BRITT B.B., ENGLEMAN G., ANDRUS A., SCHEETZ R., 2013 — Drepanosaurs in the desert: multiple skeletons of a new drepanosaurid from the eolian Nugget Sandstone (?Late Triassic–Early Jurassic), Saints and Sinners quarry, Utah: morphology, relationships, and biostratigraphic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 33: 106.
• 10.CHURE D.J., GOOD T.R., ENGELMANN G.F., 2014 — A forgotten collection of vertebrate and invertebrate ichnofossils from the Nugget Sandstone (?Late Triassic–? Early Jurassic), near Heber, Wasatch County, Utah. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 62: 181–195.
• 11.COLBERT E.H., 1986 — Historical aspects of the Triassic-Jurassic boundary problem. In: The Beginning of the age of dinosaurs (Ed. K. Padian): 9–19. Cambridge University Press.
• 12.COLBERT E.H., MOOK C.C., 1951 — The ancestral crocodilian Protosuchus. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 97: 149–182.
• 13.COOMBS W.P. Jr., 1980 — Swimming ability of carnivorous dinosaurs. Science, 207: 1198–1200.
• 14.DODSON P., BEHRENSMEYER AK., BAKKER R.T., McINTOSH J.S., 1980 — Taphonomy and paleoecology of the dinosaur beds of the Jurassic Morrison Formation. Paleobiology, 6: 208–232.
• 15.DOELLING H.H., 1985 — Geology of Arches National Park. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Map 74, 15 pp.
• 16.DOELLING H.H., 2001 — Geologic map of the Moab and eastern part of the San Rafael Desert 30 × 60 quadrangles, Grand and Emery Counties, Utah, and Mesa County, Colorado. Utah Geological Survey, Map 180.
• 17.DOELLING H.H., ROSS M.L., MULVEY W.E., 2002 — Geologic map of the Moab 7.5_ quadrangle, Grand County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, Map 181.
• 18.DORJES J., HERTWECK G., 1975 — Recent bioceonoses and ichnocoenoses in shallow water marine environments. In: The study of trace fossils (Ed. R.W. Frey): 459–491. Springer Verlag, New York.
• 19.FARLOW J.O., GALTON P.M., 2003 — Dinosaur tracksways of Dinosaur State Park, Rocky Hill, Connecticut. In: The great rift valleys of Pangea in eastern North America (eds P.M. Le-Tourneau, P.E. Olsen): 248–263. New York, Columbia University Press.
• 20.FARLOW J.O., LOCKLEY M.G., 1989 — Roland T. Bird, dinosaur tracker: An appreciation. In: Dinosaur tracks and traces. (eds D.D. Gillette, M.G. Lockley): 3336. Cambridge University Press.
• 21.FAUL H., ROBERTS W.A., 1951 — New fossil footprints from the Navajo Sandstone of Colorado. Journal of Paleontology, 25: 266–274.
• 22.FOSTER J.R., LOCKLEY M.G., 1997 — Probable crocodilian tracks and traces from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of eastern Utah. Ichnos, 5: 121–129.
• 23.FOSTER J., LOCKLEY M.G., 2006 — Preservation and abundance patterns in the ichnological record of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic, North America). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36: 203–316.
• 24.FOSTER J., HAMBLIN A., LOCKLEY M.G., 2000 — The oldest evidence of a sauropod dinosaur in the western United States and other important vertebrate trackways from Grand Staircase- Escalante National Monument, Utah. Ichnos, 7: 169–181.
• 25.FOSTER J.R., LOCKLEY M.G., BROCKETT J., 1999 — Problematic vertebrate (?turtle) tracks from the Morrison Formation of eastern Utah. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication, 99-1: 185–191.
• 26.GAILLARD C., BERNIER P., BARALE G., BOURSEAU J.-P., BUFFETAUT E., EZQUERRA R., GALL J.-C., de LAPPARENT de BROIN F., RENOUS S., WENZ S., 2003 — A giant Upper Jurassic turtle revealed by its trackways. Lethaia, 36: 315–322.
• 27.GALTON P.M., 1971 — The prosauropod dinosaur Ammosaurus, the crocodile Postosuchus, and their bearing on the age of the Navajo Sandstone of northeastern Arizona. Journal of Palaeontology, 45: 781–795.
• 28.GASTON R., LOCKLEY M.G., LUCAS S.G., HUNT A.P., 2003— Grallator-dominated fossil footprint assemblages and associated enigmatic footprints from the Chinle Group (Upper Triassic), Gateway area, Colorado. Ichnos, 10: 151–163.781–795.
• 29.GIERLIŃSKI G., NIEDŹWIEDZKI G., 2002 — Enigmatic dinosaur footprints from the Lower Jurassic of Poland. Geological Quarterly, 46, 4: 467–472.
• 30.GIERLIŃSKI G., SABATH K., 2008 — Stegosaurian footprints from the Morrison Formation of Utah and their implications for interpreting other ornithischian tracks. Oryctos, 8: 29–46.
• 31.GIERLIŃSKI G.D., MENDUCKI P., JANISZEWSKA K., WICIK I., BOCZAROWSKI A., 2009 — A preliminary report on dinosaur track assemblages from the Middle Jurassic of the Imilchil area, Morocco. Geological Quarterly, 53, 4: 477–482.
• 32.HARSHBARGER J.W., REPENNING C.A., IRWIN J.H., 1957 — Stratigraphy of the uppermost Triassic and the Jurassic rocks of the Navajo country. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 291.
• 33.HAUBOLD H., 1971 — Ichnia Amphibiorum et Reptiliorum fossilium. Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie, 18.
• 34.HITCHCOCK E., 1847 — Description of two new species of fossil footmarks found in Massachusetts and Connecticut, or the animals that made them. American Journal of Science, 4: 46–57.
• 35.HITCHCOCK E., 1858 — Ichnology of New England. A report on the sandstone of the Connecticut valley, especially its fossil footmarks. W. White. Boston (Reprinted by Arno Press in the Natural Sciences in America Series), 220 p, 60 pl.
• 36.HUNT A.P., LOCKLEY M.G., 1995 — The first nonmarine tetrapod from the Middle Jurassic of the United States: a primitive crocodyliform from the Entrada Sandstone of eastern Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15: 554–560.
• 37.HUNT A.P., LUCAS S.G., 2006 — The taxonomic status of Navahopus falcipollex and the ichnofaunas and ichnofacies of the Navajo lithosome, (Lower Jurassic) of western USA North America: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 37: 164–169.
• 38.HUNT A.P., LUCAS S.G., 2007 — Tetrapod Ichnofacies: a new paradigm. Ichnos, 14: 59–68.
• 39.IRMIS R.B., 2005 — A review of the Lower Jurassic Vertebrate fauna from the Navajo Sandstone in Arizona: Mesa Southwest Museum Bulletin, 11: 55–71.
• 40.JENKINS F.A. Jr., CROMPTON A.W., DOWNS W.R., 1983 — Mesozoic mammals from Arizona: New evidence on mammalian evolution. Science, 222: 1233–1235.
• 41.KIM K.S., KIM J.Y., KIM S.H., LEE C.Z. LIM J.D., 2009 — Preliminary report on hominid and other vertebrate footprints from the late Quaternary strata of Jeju Island, Korea. Ichnos, 16: 1–11.
• 42.KIRKLAND J.I., MADSEN S.K., DEBLIEUX D.D. SANTUCCI V.L., 2011 — Establishing a paleontological monitoring test site at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Fossil Resources: Brigham Young University Geological Studies, 49: 51–60.
• 43.KOCUREK G., DOTT R.H. Jr., 1983 — Jurassic paleogeography and paleoclimate of the central and southern Rocky Mountains Region. In: Mesozoic paleogeography of the west-central United States. (eds M.W. Reynolds, E.D. Dolly): 101–116. Denver, Rocky Mountain Section of the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists.
• 44.KVALE E.P., JOHNSON G.D., MICKELSON D.L., KELLER K., FURER L.C., ARCHER A.W., 2001 — Middle Jurassic (Bajocian and Bathonian) dinosaur megatracksites, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A. Palaios, 16: 233–254.
• 45.LEONARDI G. (Ed.), 1987 — Glossary and manual of tetrapod footprint palaeoichnology: República Federativa do Brasil, Ministério das Minas e Energia, Departamento Nacional da Produção Mineral.
• 46.Lockley M.G., 1990 — Tracking the Rise of Dinosaurs in Eastern Utah. Canyon Legacy, 2: 2–8.
• 47.LOCKLEY M.G., 1991a — Tracking dinosaurs: A new look at an ancient world. Cambridge University Press.
• 48.LOCKLEY M.G., 1991b — The Moab megatracksite: a preliminary description and discussion of millions of Middle Jurassic tracks in eastern Utah. In: Guidebook for dinosaur quarries and tracksites tour, western Colorado and eastern Utah (Ed. W. R. Averett): 59–65. Grand Junction Geological Society, Grand Junction, Colorado.
• 49.LOCKLEY M.G., 1997 — The paleoecological and paleoenvironmental importance of dinosaur footprints. In: The complete dinosaur. (eds J.O. Farlow, M.K. Brett-Surnam): 554–578. Indiana University Press. Bloomington and Indianapolis.
• 50.LOCKLEY M.G., 2005 — Enigmatic dune walkers from the abyss: some thoughts on water and track preservation in ancient and modern deserts. Canyon Legacy, Dan O’Laurie Museum of Moab, 54: 43–51.
• 51.LOCKLEY M.G., 2007 — A tale of two ichnologies: the different goals and missions of vertebrate and invertebrate ichnology and how they relate in ichnofacies analysis. Ichnos, 14: 39–57.
• 52.LOCKLEY M.G., 2009 — Some comparisons between dinosaurdominated footprint assemblages in North America and Europe. Actas de Las IV Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontologia de Dinosaurios y su Entorno. Salas de los Infantes, Burgos, Spain: 121–138.
• 53.LOCKLEY M.G., 2011a — The ichnotaxonomic status of Brasilichnium with special reference to occurrences in the Navajo Sandstone (Lower Jurassic) in the western USA. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 53: 306–315.
• 54.LOCKLEY M.G., 2011b — Putting the best foot forward: a single case of ‘toe extension’ has implications for the broader concept of ‘toe extension’ in theropod dinosaur feet and footprints. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 53: 301–305.
• 55.LOCKLEY M.G., FOSTER J., 2006 — Dinosaur and turtle tracks from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Colorado National Monument, with observations on the taxonomy of vertebrate swim tracks. Paleontology and geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 36: 193–198.
• 56.LOCKLEY M.G., GIERLINSKI G.D., 2006 — Diverse vertebrate ichnofaunas containing Anomoepus and other unusual trace fossils from the Lower Jurassic of the western United States: implications for paleoecology and palichnostratigraphy. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 37: 175–191.
• 57.LOCKLEY M.G., GIERLINSKI G.D., 2014 — A new Otozoumdominated tracksite in the Glen Canyon Group (Jurassic) of eastern Utah. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 62: 211–214.
• 58.LOCKLEY M.G., HUNT A.P, 1994 — A review of vertebrate ichnofaunas of the Western Interior United States: Evidence and implications. In: Mesozoic Systems of the Rocky Mountain region, United States (eds M. V. Caputo et al.): 95–108. Denver, RMS-SEPM.
• 59.LOCKLEY M.G., HUNT A.P., 1995 — Dinosaur tracks and other fossil footprints of the Western United States, Columbia University Press.
• 60.Lockley M.G., Hunt A.P., 1998 — A probable stegosaur tracks from the Morrison Formation of Utah. In: The Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation: an interdisciplinary study (eds K. Carpenter et al.). Modern Geology, 23: 331–342.
• 61.LOCKLEY M.G., JENNINGS C., 1987 — Dinosaur tracksites of western Colorado and eastern Utah. In: Paleontology and geology of the Dinosaur Triangle (Ed. W. R. Averett). Grand Junction Geological Society Guidebook: 85–90.
• 62.LOCKLEY M.G., MICKELSON D., 1997 — Dinosaur and pterosaur tracks in the Summerville and Bluff (Jurassic) beds of eastern Utah and northeastern Arizona. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 48: 133–138.
• 63.LOCKLEY M.G., CONRAD K., PAQUETTE M., HAMBLIN A., 1992 — Late Triassic vertebrate tracks in the Dinosaur National Monument area. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publications, 923: 383–391.
• 64.LOCKLEY M.G., FILLMORE B., MARQUARDT, L., 1997 — Dinosaur lake: the story of the Purgatoire Valley dinosaur tracksites area. Colorado Geological Survey Special Publication, 40: 1–64.
• 65.LOCKLEY M.G., FOSTER J., HUNT A.P., 1998c — A short summary of dinosaur tracks and other fossil footprints from the Morrison Formation. Modern Geology, 23: 277–290.
• 66.LOCKLEY M.G., GARCIA-RAMOS J.C., LIRES J., PINUELA L., AVANZINI M., 2008b — A review of vertebrate track assemblages from the Late Jurassic of Asturias, Spain with comparative notes on coeval ichnofaunas from the western USA: Implications for faunal diversity in association with siliciclastic facies assemblages. Oryctos, 8: 53–70.
• 67.LOCKLEY M.G., GARCIA-VASQUEZ R., ESPINOZA E., LUCAS S.G., 2009 — America’s most famous hominid footprints: History and context of tracks from Nicaragua. Ichnos, 16: 55–69.
• 68.LOCKLEY M.G., GIERLINSKI G.D., LUCAS S.G., 2011a — Kayentapus revisited: notes on the type material and the importance of this theropod footprint ichnogenus. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 53: 330–336.
• 69.LOCKLEY M.G., GIERLINSKI G., TITUS A.L., ALBRIGHT B., 2006d — An introduction to the thunderbird footprints at the Flag Point Track Site: Preliminary observations on lower Jurassic theropod tracks from the vermillion Cliffs area, southwestern Utah. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 37: 310–314.
• 70.LOCKLEY M.G., HARRIS J., MITCHELL L., 2008a — A global overview of pterosaur ichnology: tracksite distribution in space and time. Zitteliana, B 28: 187–198.
• 71.LOCKLEY M.G., HOUCK K., PRINCE N.K., 1986 — North America’s largest dinosaur tracksite: Implications for Morrison Formation paleoecology. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 97: 1163–1176.
• 72.LOCKLEY M.G., HUNT A.P., MEYER C., 1994 — Vertebrate tracks and the ichnofacies Concept: Implications for paleoecology and palichnostratigraphy. In: The paleobiology of trace fossils (Ed. S. Donovan): 241–268. Wiley and Sons, Inc.
• 73.LOCKLEY M.G., HUNT A.P., MEYER C.M., RAINFORTH E., SCHULTZ R., 1998a — A survey of fossil footprints at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (western USA): A case study in documentation of trace fossil resources. Ichnos, 5: 177–211.
• 74.LOCKLEY M.G., HUNT A.P., PAQUETTE M., BILBEY S.-A., HAMBLIN A., 1998b — Dinosaur tracks from the Carmel Formation, northeastern Utah: Implications for Middle Jurassic paleoecology. Ichnos, 5: 255–267.
• 75.LOCKLEY M.G., HUPS K., CART K., GERWE D.S., 2011b —A zone of sauropodomorph footprints in the basal Wingate Sandstone (latest Triassic) of western Colorado and eastern Utah: Is Eosauropus a common ichnogenus in this region? New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 53: 337–343.
• 76.LOCKLEY M.G., HUPS K., TRUJILLO K. GERWE D.S., 2014b— Mesozoic vertebrate tracksites from the Dominguez-Escalante National Conservation Area of western Colorado: implications for paleoecology and management. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 62: 215–223.
• 77.LOCKLEY M.G., KIRKLAND J., MILNER A.R.C., 2004 — Batrachopus and Selenichnus (crocodilomorph trackways) from the Lower Jurassic of the St. George area southwestern Utah: Implications for ichnotaxonomy. Ichnos, 11: 143–149.
• 78.LOCKLEY M.G., KUKIHARA R., PIONEK L., DELGALVIS A., 2014a — A survey of new fossil footprint sites from Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (Western USA), with special reference to the Kayenta-Navajo transition zone (Glen Canyon Group, Lower Jurassic). New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 62: 157–179.
• 79.LOCKLEY M.G., LI J., LI R.H., MATSUKAWA M., HARRIS J.D., XING L., 2013 — A review of the tetrapod track record in China, with special reference to type ichnospecies: implications for ichnotaxonomy and paleobiology. Acta Geologica Sinica, 87: 1–20.
• 80.LOCKLEY M.G., LOGUE T.J., MORATALLA J.J., HUNT A.P., SCHULTZ R.J., ROBINSON J.W., 1995 — The fossil trackway Pteraichnus is pterosaurian, not crocodilian: Implications for the global distribution of pterosaurs tracks. Ichnos, 4: 7–20.
• 81.LOCKLEY M.G., LUCAS S.G., 2013 — Evazoum gatewayensis a new Late Triassic archosaurian ichnospecies from Colorado: implications for footprints in the ichnofamily Otozoidae. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 61: 345–353.
• 82.LOCKLEY M.G., LUCAS S.G., GASTON R., HUNT A.P., 2004— Ichnofaunas from the Triassic-Jurassic boundary sequences of the Gateway area, Western Colorado: Implications for faunal composition and correlations with other areas. Ichnos, 11: 89–102.
• 83.LOCKLEY M.G., LUCAS S.G., HUNT A.P., 2006b — Eosauropus – a new name for a Late Triassic tracks: Observations on the Late Triassic ichnogenus Tetrasauropus and related forms, with notes on the limits of interpretation. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 37: 192–198.
• 84.LOCKLEY M.G., LUCAS S.G., HUNT A.P., 2006a — Evazoum and the renaming of northern hemisphere “Pseudotetrasauropus”: implications for tetrapod ichnotaxonomy at the Triassic- Jurassic boundary. New Mexico Museum of Natural History of Science Bulletin, 37: 199–206.
• 85.LOCKLEY M.G., MEYER C.A., dos SANTOS V.F., 1996 — Megalosauripus, and the concept of megalosaur footprints. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, 60: 113–118.
• 86.LOCKLEY M.G., MEYER C.A., dos SANTOS V.F., 2000a — Megalosauripus, and the problematic concept of megalosaur footprints. Gaia: Revista de Geociencias, Museu Nacional de Historia Natural, Lisbon, Portugal, 15: 313–337 (for 1998).
• 87.LOCKLEY M.G., MEYER C.A., MORATALLA J.J., 2000b — Therangospodus: Trackway evidence for the widespread distribution of a Late Jurassic theropod with well-padded feet. Gaia: Revista de Geociencias, Museu Nacional de Historia Natural, Lisbon, Portugal, 15: 339–353 (for 1998).
• 88.LOCKLEY M.G., MILNER A.R.C., SLAUF D., HAMBLIN A.H., 2006c — Dinosaur tracksites from the Kayenta Formation (Lower Jurassic), ‘Desert Tortoise site,’ Washington County, Utah. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 37: 269–275.
• 89.LOCKLEY M., MITCHELL L., ODIER G.P., 2007 — Small theropod track assemblages from Middle Jurassic eolianites of eastern Utah: paleoecological insights from dune ichnofacies in a transgressive sequence. Ichnos, 14: 131–142.
• 90.LOCKLEY M.G., PITTMAN J.G., 1989 — The megatracksite phenomenon: Implications for paleoecology, evolution and stratigraphy, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 9: 30A.
• 91.LOCKLEY M.G., WRIGHT J.L., LANGSTON W. Jr., WEST E.S., 2001 — New pterosaur track specimens from the late Jurassic of Oklahoma and Colorado: Their paleobiological significance and regional ichnological context. Modern Geology, 20: 179–203.
• 92.LUCAS S.G., 2007 — Tetrapod footprint biostratigrapy and biochronology. Ichnos, 14: 5–38.
• 93.LUCAS S.G., KLEIN H., LOCKLEY M.G., SPIELMANN J.A., GIERLINSKI G.D., HUNT A.P., TANNER L.H., 2006c — Triassic Jurassic stratigraphic distribution of the theropod footprint ichnogenus Eubrontes. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 37: 86–93.
• 94.LUCAS S.G., LOCKLEY M.G., HUNT A.P., MILNER A.R.C., TANNER L.H. 2006a — Tetrapod footprint biostratigraphy of the Triassic- Jurassic transition in the American Southwest. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 37: 105–108.
• 95.LUCAS S.G., LOCKLEY M.G., HUNT A.P., TANNER L.H., FOSTER J., 2006b — Biostratigraphic significance of tetrapod footprints from the Triassic-Jurassic Wingate Sandstone on the Colorado Plateau. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 37: 109–117.
• 96.Lucas S.G., Tanner L.H., Donohoo-Hurley L.L., Geissman J.W., Kozur H.W., Heckert A.B., Weems R.E., 2011 — Position of the Triassic–Jurassic boundary and timing of the end-Triassic extinctions on land: Data from the Moenave Formation on the southern Colorado Plateau, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 302: 194–205.
• 97.LULL R.S., 1953 — Triassic life of the Connecticut Valley. Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin, 24: 1–331.
• 98.MAZIN J.-M., HANTZPERGUE P., LAFAURIE G., VIGNAUD P., 1995 — Des pistes de ptérosaures dans le Tithonien de Crayssac (Quercy, France). Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, 321: 417–424.
• 99.McKEE E.D., 1944 — Tracks that go uphill. Plateau, 16: 61–72.
• 100.McKEE E.D., 1947 — Experiments in the development of tracks in fine cross-bedded sand. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 17: 23–28.
• 101.McKNIGHT E.T., 1940 — Geology of the area between Green and Colorado River, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah. U.S Geological Survey Bulletin, 908: 85–102.
• 102.MEYERS V.L., BREITHAUPT B.H., 2014 — Pteraichnus saltwashensis tracks and trackways in the Upper Jurassic Windy Hill Sandstone of Wyoming. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 62: 235–248.
• 103.MICKELSON D., LOCKLEY M.G., BISHOP J., KIRKLAND J., 2004 — A new pterosaur tracksite from the Jurassic Summerville Formation, near Ferron Utah. Ichnos, 11: 125–142.
• 104.MILÀN J., CHIAPPE L.M., 2009 — First American record of the Jurassic ichnospecies Deltapodus brodricki and a review of the fossil record of stegosaurian footprints. Journal of Geology, 117: 343–348.
• 105.MILÀN J., LOOPE D.B., BROMLEY R.G., 2008 — Crouching theropod and Navahopus sauropodomorph tracks from the Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of USA. Acta Paleontologica Polonica, 53: 197–205.
• 106.MILNER A.R.C., LOCKLEY M.G., JOHNSON S., 2006a — The story of the St George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm: An important new Lower Jurassic dinosaur tracksite in the Moenave Formation of southwestern Utah. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 37: 329–345.
• 107.MILNER A.R.C., LOCKLEY M.G., KIRKLAND J.I., 2006b — A large collection of well-preserved theropod dinosaur swim tracks from the Lower Jurassic Moenave Formation, St. George, Utah. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 37: 315–328.
• 108.MOSSBRUCKER M., BAKKER R., LOCKLEY M.G., GIERLINSKI G., HUPS K., 2008 — Probable stegosaur tracks from the Jurassic Morrison Formation, Colorado and Utah. Dinosaur Ridge Annual Report, 20 (5): 26–29.
• 109.OLSEN P.E., PADIAN K., 1986 — Earliest records of Batrachopus from the southwestern United States, and a revision of some Early Mesozoic crocodylomorph ichnogenera. In: The beginning of the age of dinosaurs: Faunal changes across the Triassic- Jurassic boundary (Ed. K. Padian): 259–273. Cambridge University Press, New York.
• 110.PADIAN K., OLSEN P.E., 1984 — The fossil trackway Pteraichnus: Not pterosaurian, but crocodilian: Journal of Paleontology, 58: 178–184.
• 111.PETERSON F., 1994 — Sand dunes, sabkhas, streams and shallow seas: Jurassic paleogeography in the southern part of the western Interior Basin. In: Mesozoic Systems of the Rocky Mountain region, United States (eds M. V. Caputo et al.): 41–53. Denver, RMS-SEPM.
• 112.PIUBELLI D., AVANZINI M., MIETTO P., 2005 — The Early Jurassic ichnogenus Kayentapus at Lavino de Marco ichnosite (NE Italy). Global distribution and paleogeographic implications. Bulletin Geological Society of Italy, 124: 259–267.
• 113.RAINFORTH E.C., 2003 — Revision and re-evaluation of the Early Jurassic dinosaurian ichnogenus Otozoum. Palaeontology, 46: 803–838.
• 114.RAINFORTH E.C., LOCKLEY M.G., 1996a — Tracking life in a Lower Jurassic desert: vertebrate tracks and other traces from the Navajo Sandstone. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, 60: 285–289.
• 115.RAINFORTH E.C., LOCKLEY M.G., 1996b — Tracks of diminutive dinosaurs and hopping mammals from the Jurassic of North and South America. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, 60: 265–269.
• 116.REYNOLDS R.E., 2006a — Way out west: Jurassic tracks on the continental margin. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 37: 232–237.
• 117.REYNOLDS R.E., 2006b — Jurassic tracks in California. In: Making tracks across the Southwest (Ed. R. E. Reynolds): 19–24. California State University Desert Studies Consortium.
• 118.SANTI G., NICOSIA U., 2008 — The ichnofacies concept in vertebrate ichnology. Studi Trentino Scienze Naturali Acta Geol, 83: 223–229.
• 119.SCHUMACHER B., LOCKLEY M.G., 2014 — Newly documented trackways at “dinosaur lake”, the Purgatoire Valley dinosaur tracksite. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 62: 261–267.
• 120.SCHMUDE D.E., 2000 — Interplay of paleostructure, sedimentation and preservation of Middle Jurassic Rocks, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. The Mountain Geologist, 37: 145–155.
• 121,SERTICH J.J.W., LOEWEN M., 2010 — A new basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone of southern Utah. PLoS ONE, 5 (3).
• 122.SHIBATA K., MATSUKAWA M., LOCKLEY M.G., 2006 — Energy flow modeling applied to data from the Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone, western North America: implication for ecological replacement between the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic ecosystems. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 37: 29–34.
• 123.STOKES W.L., 1957 — Pterodactyl tracks from the Morrison Formation. Journal of Paleontology, 31: 952–954.
• 124.STOKES W.L., 1978 — Animal tracks in the Navajo-Nugget Sandstone. University of Wyoming Contributions to Geology, 16: 103–107.
• 125.STOKES W.L., MADSEN J., 1979 — Environmental significance of pterosaur tracks in the Navajo Sandstone (Jurassic), Grand County, Utah. Brigham Young University Geology Studies, 26: 21–26.
• 126.SUES H.-D., CLARK J.M., JENKINS F.A. Jr., 1994 — A review of the Early Jurassic tetrapods from the Glen Canyon Group of the American Southwest. In: In the shadow of the dinosaurs early Mesozoic tetrapods (eds N.C. Fraser, H.-D. Sues): 284–294. Cambridge University Press, New York.
• 127.THULBORN R.A., 2001 — History and nomenclature of the theropod dinosaur tracks Bueckeburgichnus and Megalosauripus. Ichnos, 8: 207– 222.
• 128.de VALAIS S., 2011 — Revision of dinosaur ichnotaxa from the La Matilde Formation (Middle Jurassic), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 48: 28–42.
• 129.WEEMS R.E., 1992 — A re-evaluation of the taxonomy of Newark Supergroup saurischian dinosaur tracks, using extensive statistical data from a recently exposed tracksite near Culpeper Virginia. Proceedings of the 26th Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals: Virginia, Division of Mineral Resources: 113–127.
• 130.WELLES S.P., 1971 — Dinosaur footprints from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona. Plateau, 44: 27–38.
• 131.WHYTE M.A., ROMANO M., 2001 — A dinosaur ichnocoenosis from the Middle Jurassic of Yorkshire, UK. Ichnos, 8: 223–234.
• 132.WINKLER D.A., JACOBS L.L., CONGLETON J.D., DOWNS W.R., 1991 — Life in a sand sea: biota from Jurassic interdunes. Geology, 19: 889–892.
• 133.XING L., LOCKLEY M.G., CHEN W., GIERLINSKI G.D., LI J.J., PERSONS W.S. IV, MATSUKAWA M., YE Y., GINGRAS M.K., WANG C.W., 2013a — Two theropod track assemblages from the Jurassic of Chongqing, China, and the Jurassic stratigraphy of Sichuan Basin. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 51: 107–130.
• 134.XING L., LOCKLEY M.G., LI Z.-D., KLEIN H., ZHANG J.-P., GIERLINSKI G.D., YE Y., PERSONS W.S. IV, ZHOU L., 2013b — Middle Jurassic theropod trackways from the Panxi region, Southwest China and a consideration of their geologic age. Palaeoworld, 22: 36–41.