Increasing the accuracy of measuring the physicochemical parameters of wastewater samples when implementing a new informative method

• Autorzy: Sebko V. V. , Zdorenko V. G. , Zashchepkina N. M. , Barylko S. V.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0053.7288

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose The necessity of developing new multi-parameter electromagnetic methods to obtain the information on controlled wastewater samples from fruit juice production has been proved. Based on the universal transformation functions G = f(x) and φ = f(x) obtained in the work, which relates the amplitude and phase components of the multi-parameter MFP signal with the parameters of wastewater samples, a three-parameter method for joint measurement control of the electrical conductivity χ, relative dielectric constant εr and temperature t of wastewater samples from the production of apple juice. An algorithm for joint multi-parameter measurements of the parameters χ, εr and t based on a transformer electromagnetic transducer (MFP) has been developed, the switching scheme provides for heating a wastewater sample during measurement control to simulate production conditions. Since the amplitude and phase components of the MFP multi-parameter signal depend on the temperature t, sample heating also makes it possible to create information redundancy and improve the accuracy of wastewater sample identification. The implementation of the proposed method makes it possible to indirectly determine the composition of wastewater samples, using only one transducer with known physical properties, all this leads to an increase in the accuracy of measuring the parameters of wastewater samples in comparison with reference methods and measuring instruments and ultimately allows choosing a promising method of wastewater treatment in accordance with the analysis of experimental data. The data obtained indicate the acidic composition of wastewater; therefore, it is proposed to neutralise industrial waste at the outlet of the finished product. The methodology of the above studies lies in the fact that, within the framework of a specific scientific approach, it is necessary to expand the functional and technical capabilities of the electromagnetic device by implementing a new multi-parameter electromagnetic method for joint measurements of the physicochemical parameters of wastewater samples. Design/methodology/approach The essence of the proposed three-parameter method of joint measurement control of parameters χt, εr and t is based on the analysis of the interaction of an external homogeneous magnetic field with the magnetic field of eddy currents induced in a conductive electrolytic liquid (in a wastewater sample). Based on the input of special normalised parameters, as well as the obtained universal transformation functions G = f(x) and φ = f(x), which relate the physicochemical parameters χ, εr and t of the electrolytic liquid medium (wastewater samples from apple juice production) with the amplitude and phase components of the multi-parameter signal MFP, at a constant frequency of the magnetic field f, the implementation of a three-parameter electromagnetic method of joint measurement control of the electrical conductivity χ, relative permittivity εr and temperature t have been proposed. At the same time, using the thermal MFP switching circuit, it is necessary to measure two magnetic fluxes: the reference magnetic flux F0 in the absence of a glass tube with liquid in the converter and the magnetic flux F2 (if there is a wastewater sample in the converter) and the phase angle φ between the flows F0 and F2. To this end, three wastewater parameters, χt, εr and t, are determined jointly by the same MFP in the same control zone. Implementing the proposed method makes it possible to indirectly assess the composition of wastewater, select a promising treatment method, and then take preventive measures related to environmental protection. Findings The possibility of applying the MFP operating theory to the realisation of an informative three-parameter electromagnetic method of joint measurements of specific conductivity χ, relative permittivity εr and temperature t parameters of wastewater has been studied. An algorithm for modelling the process of joint multi-parameter measurements of specific conductivity χ, relative permittivity εr and temperature t based on MFP has been developed. The basic relations describing a three-parameter method of joint measurements of specific conductivity χ, relative permittivity εr and temperature t of controlled wastewater samples are presented. The obtained numerical values of the physicochemical parameters of the wastewater sample are in good agreement with the data obtained using the controlling methods. Implementation of the proposed three-parameter method allows to increase in the accuracy of identification of wastewater samples due to the obtained multi-parameter information, as well as to determine indirectly the composition of wastewater samples, using a single transducer with certain physical properties; all this leads to increased accuracy of wastewater sample parameters in comparison with the reference methods and measuring tools, and allows to choose a rational and inexpensive treatment method. Research limitations/implications The method studied has the following limitations: the range of variation of the diameters is 20 mm to 55 mm. The lower limit is set by the frequency of the electromagnetic field, and the upper limit by the diameter of the transducer frame, 57 mm. Measurements are made in homogeneous longitudinal magnetic fields, and the length of the MFP winding must be ten times the diameter to achieve such field homogeneity. The sample length must be greater than or equal to the winding length of the transducer, i.e., lo⩾ ln. The radial misalignment of the product does not affect the measurement results, as the magnetic field of the transducer is homogeneous. The MFP frame limits product misalignment. It is found that sample misalignment in the range of ±4% to 6% has no practical effect on the measurement results of physicochemical parameters of wastewater samples. The change in temperature causes a change in the resistance r of the magnetising winding, so the windings of the converter must be thermally insulated from the environment (wrapped with mitre tape, coated with BF-19 adhesive and then this structure is baked at the temperature t = 300°C in the EKPS-500 muffle furnace). Practical implications The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that as a result of the analysis of the obtained values of the physicochemical parameters of wastewater samples, it is possible to timely prevent the reasons for the deviation of wastewater from the specified indicators of international standards governing the discharge of wastewater into the city sewerage and to take measures to prevent pollution of artificial and natural reservoirs located in the residential areas, as well as to develop effective methods of wastewater treatment of food and processing industries. The obtained relations, which describe the universal transformation functions G = f(x) and φ = f(x), algorithms for measuring and calculating operations for determining the specific electrical conductivity χ, relative permittivity εr and temperature t of wastewater samples based on MFP, make it possible to design, construct and create automated measuring installations based on intelligent devices that have a phenomenological approach to the measuring control of physical and chemical parameters of electrolytic liquid media as the basis of their operating theory. Originality/value The electromagnetic transducer (EMT) theory has been further developed with a sample of a weak electrolytic liquid with an acidic composition (a sample of wastewater from apple juice production).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

non-contact eddy current method; three-parameter informative method; physicochemical parameters of wastewater; wastewater samples; eddy current transducer

PL

metoda prądów wirowych; parametry fizykochemiczne; ścieki; próbki ścieków; metody poboru próbek; przetwornik wiroprądowy

• Wydawca: International OCSCO World Press
• Czasopismo: Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Vol. 118, nr 1
• Strony: 28--41
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 32 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Sebko V. V.

• Department of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Ecology, Ukraine National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Kyrpychova Str., 2, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine

autor

Zdorenko V. G.

• Department of Information and Measuring Technologies, National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Prosp. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine

autor

Zashchepkina N. M.

• Department of Information and Measuring Technologies, National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Prosp. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine

autor

Barylko S. V.

• Department of Information and Measuring Technologies, National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Prosp. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2785-5784

Bibliografia

• [1] A. Priyadarshini, A. Priyadarshini, Market dimensions of industrial juice production, in: G. Rajauria, B.K. Tiwari (eds), Fruits Juices: Extraction, Composition, Quality and Analysis, Elsevier, UK, 2017, 15-32.
• [2] ISO 22447:2019 Industrial wastewater classification, Category: 13.030.20 Liquid wastes. Sludge.
• [3] T. Delreux, S. Happaerts, Environmental Policy and Politics in the European Union, Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2016.
• [4] DSTU ISO 14001:2015. Environmental management systems-Requirements and guidelines for use, Kyiv, 2016.
• [5] Codex Stan 247, General standard for fruit juices and nectars, Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2005.
• [6] N.A. Sagar, S. Pareek, S. Sharma, E.M. Yahia, M.G. Lobo, Fruit and Vegetable Waste: Bioactive Compounds, Their Extraction, and Possible Utilization, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 17/3 (2018) 512-531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12330
• [7] Federal Office for the Environment, Phosphorus content of several lakes, Switzerland, 2020 (in French).
• [8] UN-Habitat, WHO, Progress on Wastewater Treatment - Global status and acceleration needs for SDG indicator 6.3.1, United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) and World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, 2021.
• [9] DSTU 9126:2021, Concentrated fruit juices. Technical specifications. State Enterprise "UkrNDNC", 2021.
• [10] D. Knorr, M.A. Augustin, B. Tiwari, Advancing the Role of Food Processing for Improved Integration in Sustainable Food Chains, Frontiers in Nutrition 7 (2020) 34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00034
• [11] O.V. Kofanova, O.O. Borisov, Potentiometry, conductometry and refractometry as methods of express control of the quality of soils and surface waters in recreational areas of people, Scientific Bulletin of the Tavria State Agrotechnological University (TDAEU) 1/9 (2019) 1-18 (in Ukrainian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2017.32.15
• [12] R.N. Sari, P.L. Hariani, S. Suheryanto, Development of the Potentiometric Method for Measurement of Cu, Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry 4/3(2019) 122-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24845/ijfac.v4.i3.122
• [13] P. Zimmermann, A. Weltin, G.A. Urban, J. Kieninger, Active potentiometry for dissolved oxygen monitoring with platinum electrodes, Sensors 18/8 (2018) 2404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082404
• [14] S.V. Nikitin, S.M. Gubsky, V.V. Evlash, Determination of iodine content in dried deposits of brown and red algae by coulometric titration, in: A.O. Omelchuk, M.D. Sakhnenko (eds), Modern problems of electrochemistry: education, science, production. Collection of scientific papers, NTU "KhPI", Kharkiv, 2015, 75-76 (in Ukrainian).
• [15] J.L. Smith-Osorio, H. Torres-Quezada, A.P. Sandoval-Rojas, J.A. Ágreda, Implementation of the Theoretical Coulometric Titration Curve in the Determination of the Amount of Substance of Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate: the Search for a Better Metrological Approach, ACS Omega 7/51 (2022) 47851-47860. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c05642
• [16] M. Said, A.M. Shaheen, A.R. Ginidi, R.A. El-Sehiemy, K. Mahmoud, M. Lehtonen, M.M.F. Darwish, Estimating parameters of photovoltaic models using accurate turbulent flow of water optimizer, Processes 9/4 (2021) 627. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040627
• [17] V.Yu. Kucheruk, P. I. Kulakov, D. V. Mostoviy, Photoelectric measuring converter of milk flow parameters, Optoelectronic Information and Energy Technologies 1/12 (2017) 66-71. (in Ukrainian). Available from: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/oeiet_2017_1_12
• [18] I. Płowaś, J. Świergiel, J. Jadżyn, Electrical conductivity in dimethyl sulfoxide + potassium iodide solutions at different concentrations and temperatures, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 59/8 (2014) 2360-2366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/je4010678
• [19] S. Sultana, M.R. Choudhury, A.R. Bakr, N. Anwar, Md.S. Rahaman, Effectiveness of electro-oxidation and electro-Fenton processes in removal of organic matter from high-strength brewery wastewater, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 48/5 (2018) 519-528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-018-1185-3
• [20] A.K. Prajapati, P.K. Chaudhari, Physicochemical Treatment of Distillery Wastewater ‒ A Review, Chemical Engineering Communications 202/8 (2015) 1098-1117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2014.1002560
• [21] S. Majidnia, J. Rudlin, R. Nilavalan, Investigations on a pulsed eddy current system for flaw detection using an encircling coil on a steel pipe, Insight: Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 56/10 (2014) 560-565. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1784/insi.2014.56.10.560
• [22] V. Arjun, B. Sasi, B.P.C. Rao, C.K. Mukhopadhyay, T. Jayakumar, Optimisation of pulsed eddy current probe for detection of sub-surface defects in stainless steel plates, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 226 (2015) 69-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2015.02.018
• [23] D. Zhou, J. Wang, Y. He, D. Chen, K. Li, Influence of metallic shields on pulsed eddy current sensor for ferromagnetic materials defect detection, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 248 (2016) 162-167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2016.07.029
• [24] Y. Li, B. Yan, W. Li, H. Jing, Z. Chen, D. Li, Pulse-modulation eddy current probes for imaging of external corrosioning on magnetic pipes NDT & E International 88 (2017) 51-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2017.02.009
• [25] O.Ye. Sedyuk, O.B. Barna, O.S. Krynytskyi, Electrical, magnetic and electromagnetic types of non-destructive testing in the oil and gas industry: textbook, IFNTUOG, Ivano-Frankivsk, 2017 (in Ukrainian).
• [26] V.V. Sebko, V.G. Zdorenko, Method of non-destructive testing of an aqueous solution of adipic acid, Bulletin of Kyiv National University of Technology and Design 1/94 (2016) 121-127 (in Ukrainian).
• [27] Teterko A. Ya., Lutsenko G. G., Hutnyk V. I., Teterko O. A. The method of formation of information signal and increase of accuracy of eddy current electrical conductivity measuring with lift-off effect exclusion, Information Extraction and Processing 43/119 (2016) 5-11 (in Ukrainian).
• [28] O.V. Shestopalov, O.S. Getta, N.I. Rikusova, Modern methods of wastewater treatment in the food industry, Ecological Sciences 2/25 (2019) 20-27 (in Ukrainian).
• [29] N.A. Khan, S. Ahmed, S. Vambol, V. Vambol, I.H. Farooqi. Field hospital wastewater treatment scenario, Ecological Questions 30/3 (2019) 57-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12775/EQ.2019.022
• [30] L. Mekuto, A.V.A. Olowolafe, S. Pandit, N. Dyantyi, P. Nomngongo, R. Huberts, Microalgae as a biocathode and feedstock in anode chamber for a self-sustainable microbial fuel cell technology: A review, South African Journal of Chemical Engineering 31 (2020) 7-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2019.10.002
• [31] B. Saenz de Miera, A.S. Oliveira, J.A. Baeza, L. Calvo, J.J. Rodriguez, M.A. Gilarranz, Treatment and valorisation of fruit juice wastewater by aqueous phase reforming: Effect of pH, organic load and salinity, Journal of Cleaner Production 252 (2020) 119849. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119849
• [32] H.E.G. Akbay, C. Akarsu, H.Kumbur, Treatment of fruit juice concentrate wastewater by electro-coagulation: Optimization of COD removal, International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal 2/1 (2018) 53-57.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).