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Tytuł artykułu

The Arab Spring and its influence on European Union Policy

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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The scale of incidents related to Arab Awaking and the consequences of movement in MENA region surprised the European Union and international community. However, the report of the Arab Human Development Report predicted in 2009 that the Arab world will face security challenges associated with growing population, which can lead to internal tensions between different communities. The Arab Spring has contributed to the creation of new political, economic and social realities which forced EU to take necessary action to adapt to this situation. Significant efforts were taken according to financial support which was delivered in increased budgets of European Neighborhood Policy projects, The European Investment Bank (EIB), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Due to the fact of immigration from region increases anxiety on the South of EU. In order to prevent illegal border crossing EU established Joint Operation Hermes 2011 to resolve problem. However the Tunisami consequences are still considered as a threat to European Union security.
Rocznik
Strony
81--96
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 37 poz., rys., wykr.
Twórcy
  • National Defence University, Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
  • 1. ALIBONI R., Southern Europe and the Mediterranean from Cold War t the Arab Spring, Ed. Southern Europe and the Mediterranean: national approaches and transatlantic perspective. Mediterranean Paper Series, Instituto Affari Internazionali, 2011.
  • 2. Arab Human Development Report, http://www.arab-hdr.org/publications/contents/2009/execsummary-e.pdf.
  • 3. AUXIER R. C., Egypt, Democracy and Islam, Pew Research Center, http:// www.pewresearch. org/2011/01/31/egypt-democracy-and-islam/, Viewed May, 2014.
  • 4. BALFOUR R., EU Conditionality after the Arab Spring, European Institute of the Mediterranean, 2012, p. 26.
  • 5. BARRY A., Europe’s Dilemma: Immigration and th e Arab Spring, http://fpif.org/ europes_dilemma_ immigration_and_the_arab_spring/.
  • 6. COLOMBO S., TOCCI N., The EU Response to the Arab Uprising; Old Wine in New Bottles? Ed, Re-Thinking Western policies in light of the Arab Upraising, IAI Research Papers, 2012 p.71.
  • 7. de Vasconcelos A., Listening to Unfamiliar Voices - The Arab Democratic Wave, Paris: European Union Institute for Security Studies, 2012r., p. 8- 90.
  • 8. DODGE T., From the ‘Arab Awakening’to the Arab Spring; the Post-colonial State in the Middle East, http://www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/reports/pdf/SR011/FINAL_LSE_ IDEAS__fromTheArabAwakeningToThe ArabSpring_Dodge.pdf, Viewed May, 2014.
  • 9. Dublin Regulation, http://www.ecre.org/ topics/ areas-of-work/ protection- in- europe/10-dublin-regulation. html, Viewed May, 2014.
  • 10. DWORKIN A. WITNEY N, A Power Audit of EU-North Africa relations, European council on foreign relations(ECFR), 2012, p. .
  • 11. EU response to the Arab Spring, http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/where/neighbourhood/ regional-cooperation /enpi-south/documents/eu_response_to_the_arab_spring_en.pdf, Viewed May, 2014.
  • 12. Euro-Mediterranean statistics, Eurostat, Luxemburg, 2013.
  • 13. European Commision, A Dialogue for Migration, Moobility, Security with the Southern Mediterranean Countries, COM (2011) 292 final, 2 May 2011 r.
  • 14. European Commision, Commnication on Migration, COM(2011) 2 8 final, May 2011.
  • 15. European Commission and the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, “A Partnership For Democracy And Shared Prosperity With The Southern Mediterranean”, Brussels, 8 March 2011, http://eeas.europa.eu/euromed/docs/ com2011_200_en.pdf, Viewed May, 2014.
  • 16. Fargues P., Fandrich C., Migration after the Arab Spring, Migration Policy Centre, Research Report 2012/09.
  • 17. FATTAH M. A., Democratic values in the Muslim world, Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006.
  • 18. FETTER J., Crusade 2.0: The West’s Resurgent War on Islam, City Lights Open Media, 2012.
  • 19. FINGERLAND J., What the revolutions mean for us, 0 May 2011 Mladá Fronta DNES http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/ 8 071-what-revolutions-mean-us, Viewed May, 2014.
  • 20. General Report 2011, FRONTEX, Warsaw, 2011.
  • 21. Hermes 2011 Starts Tomorrow in Lampedusa, http://frontex.europa.eu/news/hermes-2011-starts-tomorrow-in-lampedusa-X4XZcr, Viewed May, 2014.
  • 22. INGEBORG T. The EU’s New Neighbourhood Policy: An Appropriate Response to the Arab Spring?, http://www.e-ir.info/201 /0 /29/the-new-neighbourhood-policy-of-the-eu-an-appropriate-response-to-the-arab-spring/, Viewed May, 2014.
  • 23. Joint Communication to the European Council, the European Parliament, The Council, The Economic and Social Committee and the regions a partnership for democracy and shared prosperity with the Southern Mediterranean, Brussels, 8. .2011 COM(2011).
  • 24. JUUSOLA H. Juusola, EL FELGIERY M., BEHR T., “The Arab Spring,” in Timo Behr (Ed.), Hard Choices. The EU’s Options in a Changing Middle East, The Finnish Institute of International Affairs, FIIA Report 28, 2011.
  • 25. KHADER B., The European Union and the Arab World: from the Rome Treaty to the Arab Spring, European Institute of the Mediterranean, 201 .
  • 26. Kozłowski K., Kolory rewolucji, Wydawnictwo Poltext, Warszawa, 2012r.
  • 27. KUTTAB A., The ‘Tunisami’: some insights into events in the Arab Region, 10 February 2011 www. alliance magazine.org http://en.welfareassociation.org/images/stories/wainthenews/2011/alliance_magazine.pdf, Viewed May, 2014.
  • 28. LAREMONT R.R., Revolution, Revolt and Reform in North Africa: The Arab Spring and Beyond, Routledge, 2014 r.
  • 29. Middle East and North Africa, Growth and Poverty Reduction, http://econ.worldbank.org/ WBSITE/ EXTERNAL/ EXTDEC/ EXTDECPROSPECTS/0,,contentMDK:23112547~pagePK:64165401~piPK:64165026~theSitePK:476883,00.html.
  • 30. Novotny V., Opening the door? Immigration and Integration in the European Union, Centre for European Studies, 2012 r., s. 17.
  • 31. SEEBERG P., The Arab Uprisings and the EU. EU migration policies towards the Mediterranean: learning to cope with “a Changing Neighbourhood” Center for Mellemøststudier, Odense, 2011.
  • 32. Still Awake: The Beginnings of Arab Democratic Change, Report of the Polish Institute of International Affairs and the Finnish Institute of International Affairs, Warsaw, 2012, p 5.
  • 33. The Fourth Wave of Democratization, http://iris-bg.org/files/stID-2-07-1 .pdf, Viewed May, 2014.
  • 34. THE WORLD BANK Annual Report 2013, Middle East and North Africa, p. 40.
  • 35. Transatlantic Trends: Immigration 2011, TRANSATLANTIC TRENDS, p -7.
  • 36. VASILEVA K., Nearly two-thirds of the foreigners living in EU Member States are citizens of countries outside the EU-27, Eurostat, Luxemburg, 2012.
  • 37. WOLFF S.,Southern Europe’s Role After the Arab Spring: Winning Back Voice and Access, http://www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/publications/reports/pdf/SR017/Wolff.pdf, Viewed May, 2014.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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