Zastosowanie bioaugmentacji w procesach biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków i utylizacji osadów

Michalska, J.; Mrozik, A.

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Tytuł artykułu

Zastosowanie bioaugmentacji w procesach biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków i utylizacji osadów

Autorzy

Michalska J. , Mrozik A.

Treść / Zawartość

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Warianty tytułu

Application of bioaugmentation in biological wastewater treatment and sludge utilization

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Atrakcyjnym rozwiązaniem problemów towarzyszących narażeniu wielu oczyszczalni ścieków na wysoki ładunek zanieczyszczeń występujących w ściekach jest metoda bioaugmentacji. Polega ona na wprowadzeniu do osadu czynnego dodatkowej puli bakterii i/lub grzybów mikroskopowych o pożądanych właściwościach, charakteryzujących się zdolnością do agregacji i adhezji, produkcji substancji polisacharydowych, tworzenia biofilmu, syntezy bioflokulantów oraz synergicznie oddziałujących z mikroorganizmami autochtonicznymi, niewrażliwych na zmiany parametrów środowiskowych oraz o wysokiej tolerancji na substancje toksyczne. Inokulacja osadu czynnego takimi mikroorganizmami może nie tylko prowadzić do zwiększenia bioróżnorodności oraz biomasy mikroorganizmów bytujących w reaktorze biologicznym, przyspieszać rozkład zanieczyszczeń organicznych, usprawniać proces usuwania związków biogennych, ale także zapobiegać nadmiernemu rozwojowi bakterii nitkowatych, poprawiać właściwości sedymentacyjne osadu, przeciwdziałać pienieniu osadu oraz wspomagać proces jego regeneracji. Duże nadzieje wiąże się obecnie z opracowaniem nowych metod dostarczania komórek do osadu czynnego z użyciem nanomateriałów, perspektywami wykorzystania nanorurek węglowych jako materiałów adsorbujących związki toksyczne oraz wykorzystaniem wiedzy z zakresu modulacji zjawiska sygnalizacji zagęszczenia bakterii (quorum sensing) prowadzącego do tworzenia biofilmu. Ze względu na możliwość zastosowania bioaugmentacji na różnych etapach biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków, może ona w znaczącym stopniu usprawniać pracę oczyszczalni ścieków. Są jednak pewne ograniczenia tej metody, związane ze słabą przeżywalnością inokulantów oraz zanikiem ich aktywności po wprowadzeniu do nowego dla nich środowiska. Aby poszerzyć wiedzę w tym zakresie konieczne jest monitorowanie losu i aktywności inokulantów z wykorzystaniem nowoczesnych technik molekularnych oraz opracowanie nowych metod dostarczania komórek do ekosystemu osadu czynnego. Wyzwaniem na przyszłość jest także wdrożenie sprawdzonych w laboratorium praktyk bezpośrednio w oczyszczalniach ścieków.

Bioaugmentation method is an attractive solution to problems associated with exposure of many wastewater treatment plants to high load of wastewater pollutants. This strategy involves introduction to activated sludge an additional pool of bacteria or microscopic fungi of desired properties, capable of aggregation and adhesion, production of polysaccharide substances, biofilm formation, synthesis of bioflocculants and synergistic interactions with indigenous microorganisms, insensitive to changes in environmental parameters and of high tolerance to toxic substances. Not only may inoculation of activated sludge with such microorganisms lead to the increased biodiversity and biomass of microorganisms living in a biological reactor, accelerate the decomposition of organic pollutants, improve the process of biogenic compounds removal, but also prevent excessive growth of filamentous bacteria, improve sedimentation properties of sludge, counteract sludge foaming and support the process of its regeneration. Currently, great promise is held out for the development of new methods of cell delivery to the activated sludge that employ nanomaterials, prospects of using carbon nanotubes as adsorbents of toxic compounds and use of knowledge in the field of modulation of bacterial quorum sensing leading to biofilm formation. Since bioaugmentation could be employed at various stages of biological wastewater treatment, it may significantly improve the operation of wastewater treatment plants. However, this method has some limitations, related to the poor survival rates of inoculants and disappearance of their activity after being introduced into the new environment. In order to broaden our understanding of this area, it is necessary to monitor the fate and activity of inoculants using modern molecular techniques and to develop new methods of cell delivery to the active sludge ecosystem. Yet, implementation of the practices tested in the laboratory environment directly into the wastewater treatment plants remains a challenge for the future.

Słowa kluczowe

oczyszczanie ścieków osad czynny zanieczyszczenia toksyczne bioaugmentacja mikroorganizmy bakterie grzyby konsorcjum

sewage treatment activated sludge toxic contaminants bioaugmentation microorganisms bacteria fungi consortium

Wydawca

Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych, Oddział Dolnośląski

Czasopismo

Ochrona Środowiska

Rocznik

2018

Tom

Vol. 40, nr 1

Strony

35--44

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 77 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Michalska J.

jmichalska@us.edu.pl

Uniwersytet Śląski, Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska, Katedra Biochemii, ul. Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice

autor

Mrozik A.

Uniwersytet Śląski, Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska, Katedra Biochemii, ul. Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice

Bibliografia

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-030971d3-881c-4716-bfb1-b2393c269006